以太坊的商业模式和估值

链捕手Published on 2025-04-02Last updated on 2025-04-02

在传统的投资领域和风投,商业模式是投资人考察一个公司或者项目的关键要素之一。

但在加密行业生态,投资者似乎不太热衷讨论这个要素。但我觉得必须回归正常的逻辑、回归常识,除了比特币和类似的收藏品之外,对所有其它的项目都应该讨论它的商业模式。

我就先从以太坊开始。

要看以太坊的商业模式是什么,我们就要看以太坊是怎么运作的,它为用户提供了什么服务,它的收入来源是什么。

以太坊作为一层区块链,它提供的服务就是支持上层应用(智能合约)以及用户(钱包)的部署、运行、转账等。它的收入来源就是这些应用以及用户为这些动作(交易)付出的GAS费。

它收到的GAS费用又可以再细分为两类:一类是给矿工的小费,另一类则是燃烧的GAS。

给矿工的小费可以看成是以太坊为了维护系统的支出。

与此同时,以太坊每年还会增发代币用于奖励矿工挖矿。这一部分我也将其作为支出。

燃烧掉的GAS则是回馈给所有以太坊代币持有者有意义的收入,这个收入可以看成是用于对代币回购并进行销毁,利益了所有持币人。

因此总共燃烧的代币扣除所有增发的代币所得到的就是以太坊网络真正有效的“净利润”。

这就是以太坊的商业模式。

在Etherscan上(https://etherscan.io/chart/dailyethburnt)可以查到以太坊的每日燃烧数量。在2021年8月EIP-1559生效后,在2021年高峰期每日的燃烧数量大概在1万到2万ETH。

在Etherscan上(https://etherscan.io/chart/ethersupplygrowth)可以查到以太坊2024年增发了大概300万ETH,每天增发大概8300个ETH。

如果我们按每日销毁1万ETH算,以太坊网络高峰期一年的收入是365万ETH。如果我们按每日销毁2万ETH算,以太坊网络高峰期一年的收入是730万ETH。

从总共销毁的数量中减去增发的量我们得到以太坊高峰期大概每年的“净利润”就是65万ETH ~ 430万ETH。

按照2021年以太坊的大概均价2000美元计算,那么它一年的净利润就是13亿美元 ~ 86亿美元。

我们用86亿美元这个最大值和同为平台的阿里进行比较一下:

阿里最新的年报显示其2024年的净利润大概为210亿美元。

可以看到,以太坊在高峰期的年化净利润最大值接近阿里的一半。

在净利润高峰期的2021年,以太坊的价格大概在2000美元到4000美元左右,其对应的市值大概在2000亿美元到5000亿美元左右。

所以当年以太坊的最大市值为5000亿美元,阿里现在的市值为3000亿美元;但当年以太坊最大的年化净利润只有阿里的不到一半。

这么看上去,以太坊当年的市值高估了,但并不像我们潜意识中认为的那样高估得离谱。

所以整体这么看上去,传统的估值方式在加密生态也是适用的。

我们进一步设想,假如未来以太坊的生态再度繁荣,其规模能够达到亚马逊今天的规模,我们也可以大概类比计算一下其对应的市值。

亚马逊2024年的净利润是592亿美元,现在的市值是2万亿美元。

如果以太坊也能达到这个水平,那么其对应的单价大概就是1.7万美元,每天的“净利润”大概是9500个ETH,对应每天燃烧掉的ETH大概是1.8万个(这里假设以太坊增发的速度不变)。

要注意的是,这1.8万个ETH是每天燃烧的平均值,换算到日常的真实状况我估计实际每天燃烧的ETH要在1.5万到3万个ETH之间。

所以保守一点估计,当以太坊每天燃烧掉的ETH达到2万个左右时,以太坊的单价和市值就比较可观了。

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