六问六答:全面解析 Solana 最新提案 SIMD-0228 将给行业带来哪些影响?

链捕手Published on 2025-03-04Last updated on 2025-03-04

作者:Scof,ChainCatcher

编辑:TB,ChainCatcher

SIMD-0228是什么?

SIMD-0228主要由Multicoin Capital投资人Vishal Kankani提出,旨在调整 Solana 网络的通胀机制,使其更加智能化,能够根据市场动态和质押情况自动调整 SOL 发行量。

当前的 SOL 发行机制是固定的时间表,不会根据网络活跃度变化,属于“盲目发行”。而该提案提出了一种“智能通胀”机制,使得 SOL 的发行量能够动态适应市场需求,以提高网络的安全性,并降低不必要的通胀压力。

为什么要调整 SOL 的发行机制?

随着 Solana 生态的发展,质押者的收益已经不再完全依赖 SOL 发行,而是越来越多地来自 MEV(最大可提取价值)。数据显示,仅 2024 年第四季度,Solana 网络中的 MEV 收入就达到约 2.1M SOL(约合4.3 亿美元),比上一季度增长数倍。这意味着即使减少 SOL 发行,网络依然可以吸引足够的质押者保障安全性。因此,提案者认为优化通胀策略,不再盲目发行多余的 SOL,能够让网络更健康地发展。

SIMD-0228解决了什么问题?

  1. 减少中心化风险:高通胀容易让 SOL 逐渐集中在大 Staker 手中,而降低通胀有助于让更多用户持有 SOL,保持去中心化。
  2. 促进 DeFi 发展:减少通胀有助于提高 SOL 在 DeFi 应用中的使用率,而不是被大量用于质押挖矿。
  3. 降低卖压,稳定价格:高通胀意味着更多的 SOL 需要被出售支付税款,而降低通胀可以减少市场上的卖压,有助于 SOL 价格稳定。
  4. 改善市场认知:虽然技术上 SOL 的通胀不算直接成本,但市场往往会将其视为一种长期价格压力。优化通胀机制可以改善 SOL 在市场中的定位和认知。

“智能通胀”机制如何运作?

本提案提出的“智能通胀”机制有两个核心目标:

  1. 动态激励质押——当质押率下降时,系统会自动提高发行量,以激励更多人参与质押,从而维护网络安全。
  2. 最小必要通胀(MNA)——尽可能减少不必要的 SOL 发行,只发行维护网络安全所需的最少量 SOL,避免市场上过多的 SOL 造成抛压。

本提案的核心是新的 SOL 发行计算公式,它根据质押率(s)自动调整 SOL 的发行量。若质押率高(如超过 50%),通胀率下降;若质押率低(如 33% 以下),通胀率会上升,以确保足够的安全性。新的发行机制将在 50 个 Epoch(约 25 天)内逐步过渡,以确保平稳实施。

对生态各方有什么影响?

这次提案改革实质上是持币大户、验证者与生态建设者之间的权力再平衡。提案通过后,质押收益率将从 7.03% 降至 1.41%,验证者将从依赖通胀收益转向专注于 MEV 和交易手续费的获取——这既是机遇,也是挑战

对于持有大量SOL的投资者而言,通胀率的降低有助于减少代币稀释,维护其持有资产的价值。然而,质押收益率可能从当前的7.03%骤降至1.41%,这意味着持币大户需要重新评估其投资策略,可能需要在质押和其他收益渠道之间进行权衡。

验证者的收入结构将发生显著变化。随着质押收益率下降,验证者将不得不更加依赖于最大可提取价值(MEV)和交易手续费等收入来源。这可能促使验证者积极参与网络活动,以弥补质押收益的减少。然而,对于规模较小或资源有限的验证者而言,收入下降可能导致运营压力增大,甚至可能退出网络,影响网络的去中心化程度。

对生态建设者而言,降低通胀率可能促使更多的 SOL 进入 DeFi 生态系统,增加流动性和用户参与度。这为生态建设者提供了更多机会来开发和推广新的 DeFi 产品和服务,促进生态系统的繁荣。然而,这也取决于市场对新机制的接受程度以及用户行为的变化

社区观点:激辩通胀螺旋,Solana能否逃出生天?

虽然目前尚未开始正式投票,但这份提案蓝图已在社区中引发了关于“通胀螺旋”和利益博弈的激烈讨论。

灰度前研究员David Grider建立了一个模型用于分析使用当前和建议的 SMID-0228 通胀率,以及不同的 Solana 费用/价格下降方案,估算出能够盈利的验证者数量。结果表明,在提案通过后,Solana 在不同修订方案下,可能会额外失去约 50 至 250 名验证者。

社区成员Leapfrog在solana的开发者论坛中直言该提案“对Solana会造成灾难性的影响。”他认为若投资信心低迷时通胀上升,即投资者撤资并抛售,这将加剧恐慌,造成死亡螺旋。无论押注回报有多大,波动性资产都不适合长期大投资者。

Multicoincap的管理合伙人则表示,当前通胀率过高已是共识,应尽快采取行动。他对共识安全性并不担忧,但承认验证者的盈利能力可能受到影响,预计可能有部分验证者退出网络。他强调,过度谨慎可能导致“分析瘫痪”,阻碍 Solana 的发展,因此应保持快速推进的步伐,避免陷入类似以太坊的困境。

但市场分析认为,作为SOL的主要持有者,Multicoin Capital推动SIMD-0228提案,意在通过削减通胀来缓解SOL的抛售压力,增强其价值存储功能。

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