Lido V3:为机构以太坊质押而生

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-02-27Last updated on 2025-02-27

Abstract

通过平衡性能、流动性和风险,Lido V3 提供了一种既服务于以太坊社区又服务于其长期愿景的解决方案。

质押格局转变

自 2020 年推出 Lido 和 stETH 以来,得益于新用户、新兴用例和不断变化的挑战,质押市场发生了重大变化。来自机构的质押需求不断增长,同时伴随着更严格的监管和合规考虑。虽然许多机构已经通过 Lido 进行质押,但其他一些机构仍面临内部限制。

以太坊及其庞大的协议生态系统一直在努力解决可扩展性和质押中心化问题,与此同时,进阶用户在奖励结构方面寻求需要更多的定制化方案。

因此,Lido V3引入了新的质押解决方案【质押保险库(stVaults)】,解锁量身定制、可定制和模块化的以太坊质押的新方案,走在了行业最前沿。

Lido V3:以太坊质押基础设施

Lido V3扩展了以太坊上的 Lido 协议(Lido Core)的功能,Lido Core 目前由质押路由器及其模块组成,并引入了质押保险库(stVaults),旨在为各种用例提供量身定制的解决方案。

Lido V3:为机构以太坊质押而生

stVaults 支持在个性化设置中访问 stETH 流动性,用户可设置验证、费用结构、风险回报概况和其他参数,以满足各种质押者的需求。

机构友好:机构质押者可以:

(1)使用 stETH 流动性,且(2)同时将资金保持在非托管合约里,以帮助确保遵守监管和风险管理要求;

节点灵活:允许节点作为策展人,为高 TVL 客户定制解决方案,以获得更高收入和更多 TVL;

收益提升:资产管理者可迅速适应市场动态,利用 stETH 的通用抵押品属性来制定创新战略,优化资本效率,并与新兴的 DeFi 机会相结合。

最终,所有各方都应具有长期的激励机制,在以太坊生态系统中建立可预测的、面向未来且基于价值的奖励来源。

技术基础:stVaults

Lido V3:为机构以太坊质押而生

stVault 是一项关键的智能合约,它通过单个节点运营商(或 DVT NO cluster)实现非托管委托流动性质押,并连接到 Lido 的基础设施,从而能够代表此保险库铸造 stETH。

stVault 的目标如下:

(1)在不影响现有 stETH 代币稳定性和可替代性的情况下,允许用户自定义流动质押的风险、收益配置。

(2)让机构质押者和节点运营商相互指定

(3)让 stETH 更好地集成

下面一个示意图展示了,机构质押者,如何以非托管的形式完成质押,并获得一定比例的 stETH:

Lido V3:为机构以太坊质押而生

铸造 stETH 时,相应的金额将被锁定以从保险库中提取。锁定金额以 stETH 份额指定,而份额余额会随着 stETH 重新 rebase 而每天增加。若要解锁 ETH 提款,则保险库必须销毁必要数量的 stETH。

为了承担为 stETH 持有者维护自定义质押设置的风险,stETH 的铸造比例与 Lido Core 允许的 1: 1 不同,而是有一些储备保证金(称为储备比率或 RR,例如图中的 80% ),由风险参数和限制决定。

这确保通过 stVaults 铸造的 stETH 保持合理的超额抵押。超额抵押通过提高 stETH 对可能的 slashing 事件和处罚的抵御能力,来增强其经济安全性。此外,它能够在协议级别动态调整公共节点运营商的声誉和担保要求,确保网络稳定性并支持高级集成。

从整体上来说,stVaults 是一个非托管质押平台,与现有的 Lido Core 协议一起运行。任何用户都可以通过其选择的节点运营商安全地质押 ETH。

通过与 Lido Core 的连接,stVaults 可铸造由个性化验证设置支持的 stETH,从而获得市场提供的 LST 高流动性和集成。

使用 Lido stVault 和 Lido Core 最大的区别就在于,stVaults 是每个机构自我使用的独立智能合约,而 Lido Core 的 ETH 托管地址则相当一个公共池。

可定制的保险库,满足各种需求

stVaults 具有灵活的配置选项,使不同的构建者能够自定义质押设置、优化奖励并开发量身定制的产品线,同时受益于 stETH 的安全性和流动性。

机构质押:机构质押需要更高的灵活性和控制力。stVaults 通过允许机构用户创建专用的 stVaults 来满足这些需求,这些 stVaults 连接到特定的节点运营商、配置集成并管理存款和取款访问。

stVaults 可以支持托管和非托管设置,满足各种运营要求,同时提供对 stETH 流动性的访问。

杠杆质押:对于高级质押者,stVaults 提供实施杠杆质押策略的工具,支持是手动和自动智能合约。

潜在方法包括:

一级市场:直接从 Lido Core 协议获取 ETH。

二级市场:利用 DeFi 借贷平台提供的 ETH。

Re-Staking 风险控制:stVaults 引入了一种共享安全性的选择性加入方法,这使参与者可以探索定制策略并参与再质押,而不会对更广泛的生态系统造成社会化风险。

面向未来的基建:stVaults 是建设者和开发者的模块化基础,支持创建适应生态系统的质押产品和工具。通过利用 stETH 的通用抵押品属性,开发人员可以与 DeFi 应用程序无缝集成。

Lido V3如何加强以太坊的去中心化?

开放协调和竞争的新兴市场

众所周知,以太坊依赖于分布全球的节点,而 Lido V3引入 stVaults 提供模块化、可定制的质押框架,可以使以太坊更加去中心化。每个 stVault 都有独立的运营商,因此降低 ETH 节点的马太效应。

平衡流动性、性能和安全性

stVaults 具有平衡资本效率、验证器性能和质押集中度的机制。ETH 债券减轻了 slashing 风险,而可选的动态费用(以 Lido Core 协议为基准)与质押路由器内的验证器子集相关联,有助于管理流动性、评估性能并支持去中心化。

自愿升级和自主性

stVault 允许其质押者选择是否采用、以及何时采用 Lido 的升级功能。铸造 stETH 意味着选择加入协议不断发展的治理过程,而归还 stETH 则将保险库恢复为在质押者升级异议控制下的原生质押。这种无缝开关方法可以维护自主性、减少摩擦并尊重以太坊的开放性和去中心化。

路线图

Lido V3被设计为以构建者为中心的产品,使节点运营商、资产管理者、LRT(Liquid Restaked Tokens)和其他 DeFi 协议能够创建利用 stETH 流动性为终端用户制定最佳解决方案。该战略优先考虑有效提供必要的工具和构建块,并与合作伙伴和更广泛的社区一起迭代。

推出计划分为三个阶段:

第 1 阶段:早期采用者可以使用现有的技术堆栈来构建重新质押的保险库,并启动 stVault 的预存款和早期访问计划。这些初始保险库将在主网启动后过渡到完整的 stVault 功能。

第 2 阶段:将开始部署 stVaults 的测试网,允许与合作伙伴进行严格的测试和集成开发,为主网准备就绪做好准备。

第 3 阶段:stVaults 的主网启动将启用关键用例,包括量身定制的机构设置、杠杆质押和共享安全配置。

总结

Lido V3引入了模块化创新 stVaults,通过启用可定制的质押设置,为机构质押者们增加了极大的灵活性,允许用户选择节点运营商和验证基础设施。质押者可以通过定制以太坊质押策略来满足其需求,并根据优先级优化奖励,充分发挥 stETH 的流动性、安全性和集成优势。

在更宽松的监管环境下,机构对以太坊质押的兴趣将进一步增强。因此,Lido V3升级特别针对机构质押者、节点运营商和资产管理者 — — 机构质押者可以通过完全定制的设置使用 stETH,这些设置有助于满足内部合规性要求,同时提供其所需的运营控制。

同时,节点运营商可以为大型质押参与者设计个性化的质押产品,提供验证器定制和增强奖励机制等功能;资产管理者可以开发面向未来的结构化产品,利用 stETH 作为以太坊生态系统中的首要抵押品。

此外,Lido V3还优先考虑了以太坊的去中心化、流动性和安全性。其设计鼓励验证者之间的良性竞争,同时减少治理和 slashing 风险。通过平衡性能、流动性和风险,Lido V3 提供了一种既服务于以太坊社区又服务于其长期愿景的解决方案。

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