USDT将在美国被禁,USDC崛起?

marsbitPublished on 2025-02-07Last updated on 2025-02-24

美国国会参议院和众议院正在推出一系列新的稳定币法案,旨在规范这个迅速发展的 2000 亿美元产业,这些法案将禁止 Tether 在美国发行新代币,除非其能够找到审计机构并满足其他关键要求。

稳定币

Tether 是市值最大的稳定币。(Shutterstock)

两项新的国会法案可能会禁止总部位于萨尔瓦多的 Tether 在美国发行新的 USDT 数字美元。也有可能该代币将被主要交易所如 Coinbase、Kraken 和 Gemini 下架。USDT 是全球最大的稳定币,根据 CoinGecko 的数据显示,其市值约为 1,410 亿美元。

稳定币的引导与国家创新法案(GENIUS 法案),由田纳西州共和党参议员 Bill Hagerty 提出,并由参议院银行委员会主席 Tim Scott(南卡罗来纳州共和党)、数字资产小组委员会主席 Cynthia Lummis(怀俄明州共和党)和参议员 Kirsten Gillibrand(纽约州民主党)于周二共同签署,旨在禁止那些未能保持 1:1 储备金并且没有美国本土会计事务所的公司在美国发行稳定币。

同样,众议院也有一项相关法案。该法案的讨论稿于周四发布,标题为《2025 年稳定币透明度与问责法案》(STABLE 法案),由众议院金融服务委员会主席 French Hill(阿肯色州共和党)和数字资产小组委员会主席 Bryan Steil(威斯康星州共和党)提出。参议院工作人员熟悉该法案文本的人士表示:“Tether 将面临与其他所有发行方相同的境地。遵守法规或别想在美国发行稳定币。”

Tether 从未进行过审计,尽管它通过会计事务所 BDO 提供了季度资产确认报告(即资产快照)。最新的报告于上周发布,显示 Tether 的资产为 1,430 亿美元,而当时 USDT 的流通供应量为 1,370 亿美元。

Tether 的首席执行官 Paolo Ardoino 此前曾表示愿意进行审计,但他表示,没有美国公司愿意接纳 Tether 作为客户。在 2024 年 7 月接受《福布斯》采访时,他表示:“一个大型审计公司可能会为 50,000 家银行提供服务,每家银行每年支付它们可能是 100 万美元。想象一下你有这些 50,000 家银行,而你有一个稳定币公司。那么,你的 50,000 个客户会如何看待你接纳一个可能是最大竞争对手的稳定币呢?所以,对于四大会计师事务所(德勤、普华永道、毕马威和安永)来说,这并不是一个很好的卖点。”Tether 未回应评论请求。

Tether 的最大竞争对手——市值 560 亿美元的 USDC,由总部位于纽约的 Circle Financial 发行,该稳定币接受了德勤的审计并定期发布资产确认报告。

这两项国会法案的合规要求可能还会使美国交易所关于是否保留 USDT 的决策更加复杂。去年年底,许多知名的欧洲交易所因必须遵守里程碑式的《加密资产市场法案》(MiCA)而将 USDT 下架。尽管目前这两项法案并未明确提出这一要求。

“尽管美国受监管的交易所可能会优先考虑合规的稳定币,但下架并不是自动的要求,”罗马协议公司业务发展负责人 Laurenth Alba 表示。“相反,交易所会评估风险。如果 Tether 未能获得联邦或州颁发的稳定币许可证,一些平台可能会自愿减少对 USDT 的曝光,或者限制美国用户交易 USDT,以避免监管风险。”Coinbase、Kraken 和 Gemini 未回应评论请求。

即便 USDT 没有在交易所下架,也可能会面临复杂局面。一位研究过稳定币法案的律师认为,未来的市场结构法案可能会要求加密公司与受监管的稳定币发行方合作。“如果你制定了一项能够奖励合规者的法规,那么你也必须采取措施,使得不合规者的运营变得更加困难。”他解释道。

这两项法案都未为 Tether 或其他公司提供宽限期,以满足所有规定的要求。然而,这两项法案通过国会两院并最终由总统唐纳德·特朗普签署成法可能仍需数月时间。

有一个可能有利于 Tether 的因素是,特朗普提名的商务部领导人——资产管理公司 Cantor Fitzgerald 的亿万富翁首席执行官,是 Tether 的长期商业伙伴和投资者。熟悉稳定币立法的律师表示,他们认为 Tether“并不缺乏资源”,如果他们愿意的话,可以实现合规。

Hagerty 和 Hill 的代表未能在截止时间前回应评论请求。

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