特朗普签署重磅行政令!比特币一夜涨5%,主权财富基金来了?

华尔街见闻Published on 2025-02-04Last updated on 2025-02-11

Abstract

美国主权财富基金的成立无疑将对全球金融市场、比特币价格和地缘政治产生深远影响。

媒体报道,美国总统特朗普周一签署行政命令,表示将创建一个美国的主权财富基金,兑现他在竞选期间提出的构想。


根据彭博新闻,特朗普在白宫椭圆办公室向记者宣布这一决定时表示,“我们拥有巨大的潜力”。他称,该行政令将授权美国财政部长贝森特(Scott Bessent)和已被提名为商务部长的卢特尼克(Howard Lutnick)牵头推进这一工作。


贝森特出席了椭圆办公室的会议,并表示该基金将在未来12个月内建立,称这是一个“具有重大战略意义的问题”。


不过,特朗普签署的文件文本尚未公开,因此该财富基金的资金来源仍不明确。特朗普在竞选期间曾承诺,该基金将成为“最伟大的主权财富基金”。


特朗普的顾问此前曾讨论过,利用美国国际发展金融公司(DFC)与主要机构合作伙伴合作,以增强美国的经济影响力。据知情人士向媒体透露,在特朗普上任前,马斯克和私募基金Cerberus Capital Management的亿万富翁联合创始人范伯格(Stephen Feinberg)等人一直推动使用DFC,使其更像一个主权财富基金,并将其作为彻底改变美国对外援助方式的工具。特朗普已提名范伯格为国防部副部长。


消息传出后,美股市场反应平淡,标普500指数和纳斯达克指数仍维持跌势。



虽然股市反应平淡,但值得注意的是,比特币在这一消息发布后出现上涨。比特币日内涨幅达5%,突破10.1万美元。



还有分析人士认为,这一主权财富基金可能成为特朗普政府实现其更大经济战略目标的工具。鉴于特朗普在2019年曾表达收购格陵兰岛的意愿,市场也不禁猜测,这个新基金是否可能被用于收购领土。


但无论如何,美国主权财富基金的成立无疑将对全球金融市场、比特币价格和地缘政治产生深远影响。去年9月竞选期间,特朗普曾在纽约经济俱乐部发表演讲时提出了这一想法,建议将关税收入注入主权财富基金,该基金可用于投资制造业中心、国防和医疗研究。他还建议,华尔街和企业高管可以在基金运营中发挥作用,帮助“提供建议和推荐投资方向”。


通常,主权财富基金主要存在于拥有庞大外汇储备或依赖石油及其他大宗商品收入的国家,这些资金随后被投资于股票、债券、基础设施和技术等领域。


美国前总统拜登也曾制定过类似的计划,试图建立一个基金,以投资国家安全相关领域,包括技术、能源以及供应链关键环节。


目前,美国已有20个州设立了主权财富基金,通常由大宗商品或土地收入提供资金来源。这些基金可能为联邦层面的主权财富基金提供借鉴。


美国最大的一支主权财富基金是阿拉斯加永久基金(Alaska Permanent Fund),成立于1976年,目前管理着约820亿美元资产。另一例子是北达科他州的“遗产基金”(Legacy Fund),成立于2010年,目前规模为115亿美元。


北达科他州每月将30%的石油和天然气税收收入存入该基金。根据该州的财政规则,在任何一个两年预算周期内,州政府最多可动用基金5%的资金,用于资助项目和提供税收减免。正是得益于该基金,北达科他州上月底宣布了一项计划,未来十年内逐步取消房主的房地产税。


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663 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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