特朗普的比特币“美国制造”:雄心勃勃,但注定失败

华尔街日报Published on 2024-12-26Last updated on 2025-01-09

美国当选总统特朗普有一系列竞选承诺,其中一项颇具争议的承诺是确保所有剩余比特币实现“美国制造”。然而,这一承诺或许是最难实现的目标之一。

比特币的总供应量被设定为2100万枚,这是其核心设计特征之一。目前,已经有约95%的比特币被挖出来。然而,尽管大部分比特币已经挖出来,要达到最终的2100万枚上限还需要约100年的时间。

今年6月,特朗普在社交媒体发文表示,他计划让比特币完全实现“美国制造”。该承诺是在特朗普与多位加密货币挖矿公司高管会面后做出的,这些公司运营大型数据中心,负责促进区块链上的交易,获得比特币等加密货币作为回报。这次会议也是特朗普从加密货币的怀疑论者变为该行业支持者的重要立场转弯。

CleanSpark和Riot Platforms等美国矿商迅速支持特朗普,希望他能放松对高能耗过程对环境影响的审查,遏制来自海外的竞争,并撤销拜登政府的限制性指导方针。特朗普对加密货币的力挺,帮助其在大选中筹集了约1.35亿美元的竞选捐款,比其他行业都要多。

然而业内人士普遍认为,特朗普的上述承诺更多是被视为对加密货币行业的象征性支持,从实际操作来看几乎不可能实现:

区块链是去中心化的网络,无法完全控制或禁止某一方参与。目前全球挖矿市场的参与者分布极为分散。

美国的比特币挖矿行业近年来迅速发展,已经成为一个数十亿美元的产业,但根据分析,美国本土矿工的算力仍远低于全球总量的一半,因此,要完全由美国公司支撑整个比特币网络几乎是不可能的。

全球加密挖矿行业竞争日益激烈,全球各地涌现出大规模运营,以分取这块蛋糕。俄罗斯寡头、迪拜王室等是最新一批入圈的参与方。

虽然没有公开数据可以精确划分全球不同地区的算力来源,但Luxor等大型加密货币挖矿服务提供商往往对算力构成有很好的了解。他们通过聚合算力的软件获得了有关挖矿地点的更具体信息,从而增加了矿工获得比特币奖励的机会。

美国挖矿迅速扩张之际,伴随着加密货币市场迎来牛市,叠加美国的经济制裁和一些新兴经济体的通货膨胀加剧,这些都促使海外矿工进一步加大挖矿业务,整体市场竞争激烈:

哈萨克斯坦此前因能源成本较低,挖矿需求大幅上升。

俄罗斯对加密货币的放松立场也刺激了该国加密货币行业的复苏。

埃塞俄比亚等水力资源丰富的国家成为非洲增长最快的加密挖矿中心,在这里比特币挖矿的利润比美国同行高得多。

在阿根廷等通胀严重的国家,美元计价的挖矿收入为本地矿工提供了规避通胀的机会。

甚至部分美国矿工也因能源成本上涨而选择海外扩张。例如,市值最大的矿商MARA宣布在阿布扎比与当地主权基金合资建厂,旨在打造中东最大的挖矿中心之一。

此外要提及的一点是,特朗普的政策也可能给美国矿工带来挑战,例如其贸易政策可能导致比特币挖矿设备成本上升。对于矿工来说,电力和设备是最大的两项开支。

尽管如此,行业人士普遍认为,特朗普对币圈整体利大于弊。Synteq Digital首席执行官Taras Kulyk表示,特朗普可能是对比特币挖矿来说最好的事情,他支持能源和经济增长。

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