复盘 22 条主流公链的 2024 表现:半数数据下滑、Hyperliquid 多项数据排名第一

链捕手Published on 2025-01-01Last updated on 2025-01-01

作者:Frank,PANews

 

2024,注定是加密货币发展历程中浓墨重彩的一年。从比特币和以太坊的ETF正式通过,到美国当选总统特朗普提出计划将比特币作为国家战略储备,加密货币逐渐成为国际认可的新兴资产类型。比特币突破10万美元大关,Solana上的MEME币层出不穷,各路原先的明星项目黯然失色,加密市场冰火两重天。而这些变化的背后,公链始终仍是加密市场的核心战场,所有的这些竞争也都显现在公链的竞争之上。

那么从数据的角度来看,2024年具体有哪些公链真正的发生了崛起?哪些公链的失势又可能并不是被低估,而是真实的衰落?PANews对此进行了一次复盘与总结。

数据说明:本次的盘点的对象是热度较高的Layer 1和Layer 2,关注全年的TVL、代币价格、市值、活跃地址数、交易笔数等维度,时间从2024年1月1日到2024年12月29日,部分在2024年中主网上线的公链则采用这些公链代币上线时的起始数据和年末数据。TVL数据采用Defillama、日活和日交易量数据来源于Tokenterminal及官方浏览器,价格数据来源于Coingecko。

本次复盘的公链包括:

Layer1:Solana、Ethereum、BNB Chain、Sui、Aptos、TON、Avalanche、Cardano、Hyperliquid、Fantom(Sonic)、Tron、Near

Layer 2:Base、Arbitrum、Optimism、zkSync、Polygon、Blast、Scroll、StarkNet、Taiko、Linea。

Layer1 TVL平均增长7倍,Hyperliquid、TON涨幅最高

复盘22条主流公链的2024表现:半数数据下滑、Hyperliquid多项数据排名第一

在TVL数据方面,从整体上来看,所分析的这些公链的整体TVL数据在年内增长了117.7%。其中,Layer 1在2024年的TVL平均增长了707.69%,Layer 2项目的TVL平均增长了8515.22%,不过这里主要是因为L2公链Taiko刚上线时的TVL较低,造成的增持倍数达到了825倍,除去Taiko之外,其他的Layer 2今年的平均增长为294.69%。

Layer 1 当中TVL增长最高的是Hyperliquid、TON、Aptos,增长都在10倍以上,其中Hyperliquid在上线以来的TVL增长了4407%。Layer 2当中,Taiko、Base都是今年的增长之王,Taiko自上线到年底的TVL量增长了82500%,而Base的TVL全年增长了约721.51%。

除了增长的之外,也有些公链的数据在一年之后非但没能大幅增长,还迎来一定幅度的下降。其中zkSync的下滑最为严重,TVL在年内下降了41.25%,其次是Optimism(-16.69%)、Fantom(-13.95%)、Tron(-9.17%)、Polygon(-1.67%)。

半数公链日活下滑,Solana日活最高

在网络活跃方面,Hyperliquid、Sui、TON的日活地址数在2024年增幅最高,增幅分别13381.48%、3350.55%、2409.43%。除了这三个公链之外,Base、Aptos、Solana等几个公链的日活数据在年内也增加了10倍以上。

复盘22条主流公链的2024表现:半数数据下滑、Hyperliquid多项数据排名第一

而令人意外的是,在所分析的22条公链当中,有9条公链的日活数据在今年产生了不同程度的下滑。其中,zkSync、StarkNet两条链的日活用户在2024年下滑最严重,超过了90%。此外,Near、Blast、Polygon、Avalanche、Cardano、Optimism、Tron的日活水平相比年初均有不同程度的下滑。

年初的时候,Tron的日活地址数为220万,排在所有公链当中的第一。经过一年的变化,Solana以400万日活成为了日活地址数最高的公链,另外,在统计的最高日活数据当中,Solana也以880万的最高日活数据成为用户数量最多的公链。

复盘22条主流公链的2024表现:半数数据下滑、Hyperliquid多项数据排名第一

在日交易笔数方面,Hyperliquid再一次成为增长最大的公链,年内的交易笔数增长约248900%,Taiko增长了4471.43%,Base的交易笔数1948.78%,都是增长超过10倍以上的公链。Avalanche(C-Chain)网络的交易笔数下滑最为严重,从年初的280万笔降至26万笔,降幅达到90.71%,不过造成这种下滑的主要原因在于2024年1月1日正好处于Avalanche交易笔数异常波动的高峰期,排除这种异常波动之外,Avalanche的日均交易笔数基本都维持在数十万笔每天,没有什么太大的波动。

此外,zkSync的下滑也达到了90%,相比之下,zkSync的下滑确实较为明显,自空投结束后,链上交易数量迅速下跌,从原来的百万级下降至每天十几万笔。

币价表现,涨跌参半,HYPE拔得头筹

几家欢喜几家愁,在代币表现上,全年有一半的代币上涨,一半下跌。Hyperliquid代币表现最为出色,年内涨幅约为1272.30%,最大涨幅达到了1648.00%。成为唯一一个涨幅超过10倍的公链代币。不过,这里需要考虑到Hyperliquid的代币HYPE在11月底才刚刚发行,相比其他公链,以开盘价计算确实在涨幅上有一定的优势。不过,年内也有一些其他的公链代币发行,许多涨幅也并不大,甚至还有不少下跌。

复盘22条主流公链的2024表现:半数数据下滑、Hyperliquid多项数据排名第一

另外,代币表现较好的公链还有Sui、TON、Tron、BNB Chain,代币价格均上涨了1倍以上。Solana今年的市场热度很高,但事实上与2024年1月1日相比,其代币SOL的价格仅上涨了92.26%。

和年初相比,有10个公链的代币价格有不同程度的下跌。除去2个未发币的Base与Linea之外,这一比例正好是50%。在下跌的这些代币当中,StarkNet和Blast的代币跌幅最大,分别达到了75%和65%。

复盘22条主流公链的2024表现:半数数据下滑、Hyperliquid多项数据排名第一

而在市值方面,以太坊仍占据公链老大哥的地位,年初的市值约为2742亿美元,年末的市值则达到了4094亿美元,年内市值增长约为49.28%,BNB的市值也始终排在第二位,增幅略高于SOL。

以太坊最平淡,Solana火力全开

除了横向的对比之外,以下几个公链的发展或许需要单独说明一番,一句话描述是一半烟火,一半清欢。

Solana是2024年不得不提的公链,在这一年里,Solana的数据变化可谓亮眼,完全走出了FTX倒台的阴霾,不仅是从体量上有了重大突破,甚至有和以太坊分庭抗礼的势头。近一年来,Solana引领了MEME的风潮,依靠着MEME的热度成为用户最多的公链。

而在年初的时候,Solana的TVL体量排在第四,年末提升至第二。年初的日活用户数仅排在第八位,而年末则成为日活最高的公链。

Ethereum作为公链的老大哥,在这热闹的2024年似乎表现得波澜不惊。许多数据年末与年初相差无几,日活数年内增长了9%,日交易笔数年内几乎持平。仅有TVL量增长了127%,如果抛去ETH价格本身49%的增长,似乎这一数据也没有太大的真实变化,而TVL币本位的停滞本身也是币价表现不够出众的原因。

造成这一变化的主要原因或许是来自Layer2的分流,对于以太坊来说,新的一年是否还是维持这种平稳的状态还是有更多的起伏,或许需要更多创新内容引领。

Sui与Hyperliquid,明日之星与超新星的竞争?

Hyperliquid无疑是今年公链赛道的超新星,给了市场很多意外,几乎在所有数据的增长率上都位列第一,如日活增长、交易笔数增长、TVL增长(排名第二)、代币价格增长。不过,Hyperliquid的极速上升当中,也有一些客观因素需要考虑,一是诞生的时间最短,几乎是所分析的公链当中最年轻的。二是增长率虽高,但从总体的体量上来看,仍和以太坊或Solana等公链差距较远。尤其是像活跃用户数这样的数据,目前Hyperliquid总用户数才仅为28.65万,这个水平还不及Solana在年初的日活数量。其他的数据如TVL体量,约为17亿美元,是Solana的五分之一。

不过,Hyperliquid在日交易笔数方面已经逼近Solana,排名第二。而在市值方面又落后几个今年表现远不如它的公链。从这个角度来看,2025年Hyperliquid的发展潜力仍然巨大,只是这种发展的背后或许需要更强且持续的数据支撑。

Sui被认为是Solana未来主要的竞争者,从数据的表现来看,Sui网络在今年的表现也比较亮眼。TVL量年内增长了近7倍,年内日活增长了33.5倍,交易笔数最高单日突破3亿笔。代币的价格也是除了Hyperliquid之外涨幅最多的公链,年内上涨约441.13%,最高涨幅突破520.25%。从增长水平来看,Sui在2024年的增长速度在某些地方已经超过了Solana,不过现在面临的另一个问题是来自Hyperliquid或Aptos等项目的追赶。2025年,Sui生态是否能爆发,可能需要找到一些新的爆发点。

除了以上的几个比较有代表性的公链之外,事实上,其他的公链在2024年也不甘于尸位素餐,有转型向AI的,代表为Near,有通过发行新公链进行品牌升级的如Fantom改为Sonic。另外,在Layer 2赛道,在2024年也算是最热门的公链叙事之一,今年几个明星Layer 2纷纷发放空投后,普遍链上表现不佳。表现最好的反而是Base这种至今没有代币计划的Layer 2。另外,像Taiko也是市场热度不高,但链上表现不错的Layer2,不过目前的总体数据体量也不算大,后续的发展仍有待观察。

最后,在对比这22个公链的各项数据之间的关系,可以看到,2024年涨幅最大代币也基本上也都是活跃用户增长最好的几个公链。从这个角度看,或许对于公链发展最重要的指标还是用户。而对投资者来说,怎样判断一个项目的未来预期,背后的秘密或许也都隐藏在这些简单的数据之下。

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