黄金和比特币选哪个?不如全选!

金十数据Published on 2024-12-31Last updated on 2024-12-31

加密货币和黄金令人印象深刻的表现为今年画上了圆满的句号,两者均创下历史新高。这是数字资产和实物资产在2024年突然出现的众多共同点之一,但它们之间的差异实际上可以帮助投资者在未来一年平衡投资组合。

美国联邦政府发行贵金属的主要分销商——美国货币储备局(US Money Reserve)的高级IRA(个人退休账户)策略师Edmund Moy表示,从表面上看,比特币可以成为黄金的竞争对手,因为它们都是另类资产,可以帮助降低传统投资组合中的风险。

加密货币多头长期以来一直将比特币吹捧为 “数字黄金”,美联储主席鲍威尔最近也表示,比特币 “就像黄金一样”。

但Moy说,他们的“差异大于相似之处”,“黄金和比特币之间的相关性并不强。”鉴于未来一年的不确定性,这可能是投资者持有这两者的最有力理由。

尽管如此,Moy表示,寻求分散投资组合的投资者应该记住,仅靠多元化并不能完全消除风险,尤其是考虑到比特币的波动性。

Nationwide投资研究主管Mark Hackett表示,除了有助于多元化传统投资组合外,这两种资产还可以帮助对冲美元贬值。

Hackett说,“担心股票估值、地缘政治不确定性、财政债务和利率压力的投资者可能会从黄金头寸中受益”。但他也补充道,随着黄金接近历史高位,对该资产的敞口应该是适度的。

另一方面,比特币的回报率令人印象深刻,但主要与股市同步波动,尤其是科技股。Hackett指出,“风险承受能力较高、时间跨度较长的投资者可以从敞口中受益,”Hackett说。

投资组合配置

管理iShares比特币信托ETF的贝莱德本周表示,在传统的多资产投资组合中,高达2%的比特币配置是一个“合理范围”

Globalt Investments高级投资组合经理Thomas Martin表示,他目前的投资组合中有10%是黄金,他可能会考虑增持比特币,但占比将不到5%。

他可能会考虑在投资组合中持有5%的现金,其余投资于股票和债券,后两者之间的比例根据不同投资者的风险偏好而变化。Martin在接受电话采访时说,在他为客户管理的一些激进策略中,股票可能占投资组合的90%。

他补充说,黄金与股票、债券和现金的相关性很低,有时可能起到价值储存的作用。

年轻的比特币和古老的黄金

作为美国铸币厂(U.S. Mint)前董事的Moy表示,黄金和比特币的历史截然不同——黄金有5000年的历史,而比特币只有15年的历史——它们对市场状况的反应也不同。

Martin表示,比特币短暂的历史使其成为“应该被考虑的东西”,但只能占你愿意拥有的投资组合的一部分,“(即使它)消失并归零,你仍然可以从中恢复过来”。

Martin说:“这样做的代价是,你有可能会损失100%的钱,但如果它(指比特币)真的能在10年或20年内达到预期的水平,这部分持仓的价值也有可能在未来几年呈指数级增长,并以任何其他金融资产闻所未闻的速度产生复利。”

12月4日,比特币首次升至10万美元以上,许多市场参与者将这一里程碑视为加密货币转变为主流金融资产的关键事件。根据道琼斯市场的数据,它在12月17日创下10.8万美元上方的历史新高,今年翻了一倍多。

比特币是全球市值最大的加密货币,今年年初现货比特币交易所交易基金(ETF)的推出推动了比特币的上涨,并因对即将上任的特朗普政府的监管环境可能变得更加友好的预期而受到提振。

与此同时,最活跃的黄金期货今年上涨了30%以上,10月30日达到每盎司2800.80美元的历史收盘高点,部分得益于去美元化趋势、央行的强劲购买以及地缘政治风险引发的避险需求。本周二是黄金期货交易50周年纪念日,1974年12月31日是芝加哥商品交易所集团(CME Group)推出黄金期货交易的第一天。

资产之间的相关性

道富环球投资管理公司(State Street Global Advisors)首席黄金策略师George Milling-Stanley表示,金价与股市走势的相关性非常低,他估计自1971年以来,金价与标普500指数的相关性为0.03%,“从数学上讲就是零”。换句话说,股市走势对金价走势几乎没有影响,反之亦然。

道琼斯市场数据公司进行的数据分析显示黄金和标普500指数的滚动相关性自1975年以来为0。这意味着没有线性关系,1则代表完美的正相关。自2014年11月以来,比特币和标普500指数的相关性为0.21,而比特币和黄金的相关性为0.09。

Milling-Stanley说,黄金历来为投资组合提供“相当程度的保护功能”——抵御持续的高通胀、股市潜在疲软和货币潜在贬值。这些功能“为投资者提供了一个非常有力的信息”,更别提今年金价上涨超过30%。

话虽如此,比特币在其尚且短暂的生命周期内的回报也不容忽视。

“我们理解投资者为什么选择追求投资回报,”Milling-Stanley说。但投资者应该“注意,鉴于比特币在过去15年中比黄金波动更大,他们在寻求回报的过程中也给他们的投资组合增加了大量风险。

比特币和黄金不一样

在最近的DealBook峰会主持的讨论中,鲍威尔被问及加密货币是否是对美元和美联储缺乏信心的象征。他回答称,“人们将比特币用作投机资产。他还说:“它就像黄金一样,只是它是虚拟的。它是数字化的。人们没有将其用作一种支付方式或价值储存手段。它非常不稳定。”

鲍威尔将比特币比作黄金,这被市场参与者视为加密货币随后突破10万美元的一个因素。

但比特币并不仅仅是像黄金一样,MoneyMetals.com市场分析师Mike Maharrey在最近的一篇文章中写道。他说,黄金不是一种投机性资产,它被广泛视为一种避险对冲和价值储存手段。

“事实是黄金和比特币根本不相关,”Maharrey说。“显然,比特币和黄金是不一样的。它们是不同的资产,都可以促进投资组合多元化。

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713 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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