投资虚拟货币血本无归?三大经典案例解析你的权益

链捕手Published on 2024-12-14Last updated on 2024-12-16

Abstract

市场有风险,投资需谨慎。

原标题:Web3 普法:委托别人投资加密货币,亏了怎么办?

作者:曼昆区块链

近年,虚拟货币逐渐从一个普通人没怎么听说过的新奇玩意儿,变成了一种大家时不时能听到的“致富手段”。于是很多人在对虚拟货币一知半解的时候,就在身边的或亲朋好友或投资机构的推荐之下,抱着投资致富的心愿,通过介绍人,购买了虚拟货币。
但市场有风险,投资需谨慎,虚拟货币市场比起普通的金融市场风险更多,除了产品本身的市场价值波动,还有诸如交易平台跑路,黑客攻击盗币等新型风险,在这种情况下投资虚拟货币的普通人,很容易血本无归,与介绍人发生矛盾纠纷。那么是否能将损失的投资款要回来呢?今天我们就聚焦于这个问题,通过浙江各地法院的代表性案例来进行研究学习。


委托朋友操作投资虚拟货币,本金亏损,能让朋友补偿么?


案例一:(2023)浙0481民初3094号
刑某与沈某为朋友关系,沈某告知刑某,投资购买虚拟币可以稳赚不赔,基于朋友之间的信任,刑某将一万元资金交付给沈某,由沈某投资操作,刑某从而获取收益。后沈某因操作失误,导致刑某一万元本金血本无归,沈某承认其操作有问题,愿意补偿刑某70%投资款,但一直未兑现承诺,刑某向法院提起诉讼,要求沈某返还其投资款7000元。
庭审中,刑某向法院提交微信聊天记录作为证据,沈某向刑某说:“跟策略亏了一单后,后面的钱直接自己开了一单然后扛单,爆仓了,大概百分之七十的钱是被我搞没掉的,看看怎么补偿你吧。”


案情分析:
在没有专业法律知识的普通人眼中,这个案子事实清楚明晰,是沈某的劝说让刑某相信投资虚拟货币能稳赚不赔,在发生亏损后,沈某也承认了亏损的70%是因他的错误操作导致的,并承诺会进行补偿,刑某现在起诉,只是想要回沈某赖掉的补偿,法院应该支持刑某的诉求。但法院的判决却并非如此,法院驳回了刑某的诉讼请求。


法院认为:
2017年9月4日,中国人民银行等部门发布《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》,该公告提醒投资者须自行承担投资风险。案涉投资项目系类似于比特币的网络虚拟货币,根据中国人民银行等部门发布的通知、公告,虚拟货币不是货币当局发行,不具有法偿性和强制性等货币属性,并不是真正意义上的货币。从性质上看,案涉虚拟货币实际是虚拟货币平台出售流转的一种特定的虚拟商品,不具有与货币等同的法律地位,不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用,公民投资和交易这种不合法物的行为虽系个人自由,但不能受到法律的保护。本案中,原告将款项交付给被告进行虚拟货币的投资理财,这些行为在我国不受法律保护,其行为造成的后果应当由原告自行承担。


法院最终判决:
驳回邢某全部诉讼请求。


曼昆律师解析:
简而言之,在2017年9月发布《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》后,买卖虚拟货币的投资行为,在我国,不合法,虽然不犯法,但也不受法律保护。因委托投资虚拟货币导致本金亏空,要求被委托人赔偿亏损,即使被委托人承诺保本,也无法获得法院的支持。
那么是不是只要买了虚拟货币,那亏了就只能认命,无论如何都无法通过法律手段进行救济呢?
委托购买虚拟货币,但对方没有足量购买,可以要求退钱么?


案例二:(2019)浙0726民初2357号
应某通过他人介绍认识朱某,知悉朱某从事虚拟币交易。2018年4月26日,应某将13000元现金交给朱某,让朱某帮忙在凯撒网以每个1.3元的价格购买10000个IBOT币。之后,朱某给应某“充了”9000余个IBOT币。购买IBOT币的凯撒网现已关闭。应某因无法取回本金,起诉朱某要求其返还本金13000元。


案情分析:
乍一看,本案与案例一极其相似,也是公民之间委托投资虚拟货币,并因各种原因,亏掉了本金,起诉要求被委托人赔偿亏损本金,那么按道理,法院也应该全部驳回应某的全部诉讼请求。但细心的读者应该发现其中的不同了,应某委托朱某购买10000个IBOT币,但朱某仅购买了9000余个IBOT币。


法院认为:
非法的债务不受法律保护。根据中国人民银行等部门发布的通知、公告,原告委托被告所购买的虚拟货币不是货币当局发行,不具有法偿性和强制性等货币属性,并不是真正意义上的货币。从性质上看,比特币等虚拟货币是一种特定的虚拟商品,不具有与货币等同的法律地位,不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用,公民投资和交易虚拟货币虽系个人自由,但不受法律保护。
本案中,原告将涉案款项13000元交由被告,让被告以每个1.3元的价格代为购买10000个IBOT币,被告应按约向原告交付10000个IBOT币。根据原告及案外人的陈述被告仅给原告“充了”9000余个IBOT币,因被告未能举证证实其已替原告购买10000个IBOT币,其不利后果由被告承担。虽然投资虚拟货币所产生的风险不受法律保护,但被告无证据证实其将从原告处所得款悉数用于投资虚拟货币,就未完成受托事项而收取的1300元所形成的自然之债,原告有权要求终止履行,被告应返还相应不当利益并支付资金占用利息。


法院最终判决:
判决朱某应返还应某1300元,驳回应某其他诉讼请求。


曼昆律师解析:
投资虚拟货币的行为不受法律保护,但我国的司法实践中承认虚拟货币的虚拟商品属性,基于其商品属性衍生的法律关系,在司法实践中是受到保护的。这一解释可能还是过于抽象,我们用同样是虚拟商品的网游装备来举例。读者可以将虚拟货币类比为网游装备,买卖网游装备时,若买家给了钱,卖家没给货,那自然可以向法院起诉,要求卖家或退钱或发货。但若是买家买了网游装备,卖家依约交货,但过了两天版本更新,该装备价值暴跌,买家若是向法院起诉卖家退回部分货款,法院是不会支持的。当然虚拟货币与网游装备还是不一样的,我国目前对于虚拟货币在司法层面的规定也依然在探索中,上述类比仅是为了便于理解,切不可将两者完全等同。
另外,除了上述情况,经曼昆律师检索还发现了一个特例。
委托他人操作购买虚拟货币,亏损了真的一点赔偿要不到么?


案例三:(2022)浙0182民初2506号
2019年7月30日,叶某通过朋友介绍认识金某。随后,金某以推销数字货币VRT许诺收益引诱叶某投资,并称在VRBank内投资所产生的平台币VRT,收益可兑换成比特币、USDT等主流数字货币并在交易所可进行变现。叶某在金某帮助下注册VRBank账户。叶某先后向金某购买共计人民币669390元的数字货币VRT。2019年12月底,叶某无法再通过手机APP登录金某注册的VRBank账户,遂向金某提出退款请求。因金某不退款,叶某提起诉讼,要求金某退回669390元。


案情分析:
本案案情与案例一基本完全一致,货币价格波动与平台跑路导致的亏损在法律层面上并无区别,甚至被告还没有承诺过稳定盈利,补偿损失,但最终的判决结果却是大相径庭。


法院认为:
网络虚拟货币并非由货币当局发行,不具有法偿性与强制性等货币属性,不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位,亦不能通过与法定货币的兑现实现流通功能。据此,原、被告之间的虚拟货币买卖本质上是一种未经批准的非法融资行为,严重扰乱了经济金融秩序,应当确认无效。被告明知或应当知道网络虚拟货币不得买卖,仍向原告推荐相关的信息并协助其购买。而原告在明知或应当知道网络虚拟货币不得买卖的情况下,自愿注册VRBank账户,并一再向被告转账要求购买相应的虚拟货币。双方对本次交易均存在过错,应当各自承担相应的责任,本院确定由被告承担50%的责任。


法院最终判决:
判决金某返还叶某334695元,驳回叶某其他诉讼请求。


曼昆律师解析:
因我国并非欧美国家那种判例法国家,并且为了平衡法理与情理,法官都有较大的自由裁量权。本案中可以看出法官充分发挥了其自由裁量权,笔者推测可能是本案涉案资金过大,导致法官从公平原则出发,判决被告也承担50%的责任。


曼昆律师总结
由以上案例我们可以看到,原则上在2017年9月发布《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》后,买卖虚拟货币的投资行为,在我国,虽然不犯法,但也不受法律保护。委托他人投资虚拟货币,该投资行为中产生的损失是无法受到法律保护的。这一原则在2021年9月多部委联合发布的《关于进一步防范和处置虚拟货币交易炒作风险的通知》进一步被强调,投资虚拟货币及相关衍生品,违背公序良俗的,相关民事法律行为无效,由此引发的损失由其自行承担。


但我国在司法实践中是认可虚拟货币作为虚拟商品的价值,基于其商品属性产生的其他法律关系,如买卖、借贷等,是可能被承认被保护的。最后,就算是真的投资亏损,虽然可能性很低,也不是没有机会基于法官的自由裁量,获得一定的补偿。

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