一文读懂以太坊Beam Chain的愿景和技术架构

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-11-13Last updated on 2024-11-13

Abstract

PoW、PoS 之后，我们可能正在迈入以太坊共识零知识证明时代。

整理：Karen，Foresight News

以太坊基金会研究员 Justin Drake 在今日 Devcon 大会上提议以太坊的最终设计，其核心在于对以太坊共识层的大规模重新设计。他将这一提议的设计与分叉命名为「Beam」 。那么，Beam Chain 究竟承载着怎样的愿景？其技术架构与实施计划又是如何铺展的呢？

Beam 愿景

为何要对共识层进行大规模重新设计？Justin Drake 认为，当前的信标链已经过时，其规范在五年前被冻结，加之近年来，在 MEV 缓解、SNARKS（零知识简洁非交互论证）、zKVMs（零知识虚拟机）等领域取得了诸多突破性进展，因此，共识层的重新设计显得尤为迫切。

一文读懂以太坊Beam Chain的愿景和技术架构

首先需要指出的是，自 2020 年信标链启动以来，以太坊每年都会迎来一次重要的分叉升级。从 2021 年的同步委员会增加，到 2022 年的合并完成，再到 2023 年的质押提款支持，以及 2024 年的 proto-danksharding，每一步都见证了以太坊的成长与蜕变。而在 2025 年以太坊将实施 Electra 分叉，包括实施 EIP-7251 （MaxEB）。在接下来的几年里，以太坊也将进行一些渐进式的分叉。

然而，在这些渐进式分叉之后，Justin Drake 认为，我们或将面临一个前所未有的挑战——Beam 分叉。这是一次共识层的「量子飞跃」，它能够将多个升级整合（batch）到一个单一的分叉中。

一文读懂以太坊Beam Chain的愿景和技术架构

值得一提的是，Beam 专门针对共识层，将 blob 和执行层（包含 EVM）排除在外，这是因为修改 blob 和执行层的机会相当有限，另一方面，共识层并不直接被应用程序使用，有比较大的机会进行设计和改变。

在 Beam Chain 共识层路线图中，包括区块生产、质押和密码学三个类别。区块生产方面，通过引入 inclusion lists 实现抵抗审查，将验证者和区块生产流程解耦，还有像执行拍卖这样的想法，另外，也许可以缩短当前的 12 秒 slots 时间。

质押方面，目前研究人员广泛认为，优化当前的发行曲线有机会改善以太坊的整体健康状况。此外，降低成为验证者所需的以太坊质押量，以及实现更快的确定性（finality）也是研究的重点。而在密码学方面，主要是链抽象、量子安全以及 strong randomness 等。

一文读懂以太坊Beam Chain的愿景和技术架构

Beam Chain 技术层

Justin Drake 认为，「PoW、PoS 之后，我们可能正在进入以太坊共识的零知识证明时代。在 ZK 时代，在这个时代，SNARKS 将成为一项不可或缺的技术。整个 Beam Chain，乃至整个共识层都可以进行 SNARK 化处理。这正是 zKVM 大显身手之时。」

值得注意的是，需要进行 SNARK 处理的部分主要是状态转换函数，这是共识客户端的核心所在。而围绕状态转换函数的所有基础设施，如网络、syncing、缓存优化或分叉选择规则等，则无需进行 SNARK 处理。最终，状态转移函数只是整个系统中的一个子集。

一文读懂以太坊Beam Chain的愿景和技术架构

在 Beam Chain 中大量使用 SNARKS 的另一个地方是聚合签名——使用哈希函数实现后量子聚合签名（post quantum aggregatable signatures）。Justin Drake 解释称，可以收集成千上万的签名，并将他们压缩成一个证明，结合起来就得到一个基于哈希的后量子可聚合方案，还可以对聚合再进行多次聚合。

除此之外，以太坊还将继续沿用现有的基础设施，包括 lib p2p、SimpleSerialiZe、PySpec 以及 Protocol Guild。

一文读懂以太坊Beam Chain的愿景和技术架构

Beam Chain 路线图

Justin Drake 为 Beam Chain 的启动制定了详细的计划，从 2025 年开始会启动相关规格制定过程， 2026 年开始构建，而在 2027 年开始，就会启动相关测试，以确保 Beam Chain 达到生产级标准，并且可以安全部署到主网。从下面的路线图来看，主网部署时间可能会在 2029 年、 2030 年以后上线。

一文读懂以太坊Beam Chain的愿景和技术架构

Justin Drake 打算下一步开始撰写可执行规范，这个规范最终将精简至大约 1000 行 Python 代码。

一文读懂以太坊Beam Chain的愿景和技术架构

此外，已有两家客户端开发团队（印度的 Zeam 团队和南美的 Lambda 团队）表示了对 Beam Chain 客户端开发的兴趣。

Trending Cryptos

ctr
CitreaCTR
wstusdt
wrapped stUSDTWSTUSDT
apr
aPrioriAPR
ctx
Cryptex FinanceCTX
audio
AudiusAUDIO
mantra
MantraMANTRA
xvs
VenusXVS
waxl
AxelarWAXL
bill
Billions NetworkBILL
pyth
PYTH (Pyth)PYTH
rune
THORChainRUNE
velodrome
Velodrome FinanceVELODROME
brev
BrevisBREV
zrx
ZRX（0X）ZRX
cake
PancakeSwapCAKE

Related Reads

37.7°C Heatwave Paralyzes Cambridge University AI Supercomputer, 350 Research Projects Halted

Cambridge University's national AI supercomputer, "Dawn," was forced offline for over a week due to a record-breaking June heatwave in the UK, where temperatures reached 37.7°C. This failure of the cooling system halted more than 350 critical research projects reliant on the £300 million machine, which features 1024 Intel GPUs and liquid cooling. Impacted work included climate change modeling, Parkinson's disease drug screening, and AI-powered cancer vaccine research, highlighting the vulnerability of essential infrastructure to extreme weather. The incident mirrors similar heat-related outages at Google and Oracle data centers in the UK in 2022. Experts point to a growing challenge: as AI chips become more powerful and generate significantly more heat, data center cooling systems—often designed for historical climate norms—are increasingly struggling against the rising temperatures driven by climate change itself.

marsbit26m ago

37.7°C Heatwave Paralyzes Cambridge University AI Supercomputer, 350 Research Projects Halted

marsbit26m ago

Bitcoin Has Yet to Hit Bottom, While Exchange AscendEX Has Already "Run Away"

On July 6, 2026, cryptocurrency exchange AscendEX officially announced it is ceasing operations, with a complete shutdown scheduled for July 1, 2026. The platform cited the full implementation of the EU's MiCA regulation alongside market, financial, and operational challenges. Users can no longer perform most functions, with accounts limited to withdrawal purposes only. Prior to the announcement, on-chain investigator ZachXBT had issued warnings about significant withdrawal delays and a severe lack of high-liquidity assets (like ETH, USDT, SOL) in AscendEX's public hot wallets. Following the news, ZachXBT confirmed that the exchange lacks sufficient liquid assets to process multiple verified seven-figure withdrawal requests. AscendEX acknowledged that all withdrawals now require manual review, with no guarantees on processing times. Chain analysis via Arkham Intelligence shows the platform's marked wallets hold minimal readily accessible funds, with most recent activity being small withdrawals. One highlighted wallet reportedly contains only $13.46 million in altcoins. AscendEX, formerly known as BitMax, launched in 2018 and raised $50 million in a 2021 funding round. However, it suffered a major security breach in December 2021, losing approximately $77.7 million from hot wallets. The exchange compensated users but never fully recovered. The current crisis underscores the inherent risks of centralized exchanges, where poor liquidity management, regulatory pressure, and bear market conditions can trigger a collapse. The event is seen as part of a broader industry shakeout, highlighting the importance for users to prioritize non-custodial wallets or exchanges with transparent proof-of-reserves.

Foresight News34m ago

Bitcoin Has Yet to Hit Bottom, While Exchange AscendEX Has Already "Run Away"

Foresight News34m ago

Sevenfold Oversubscription, Can SK Hynix Save the Semiconductor Industry This Time?

SK Hynix's planned US ADR listing is drawing intense interest, with its offering reportedly oversubscribed by over seven times, potentially making it the largest foreign listing in US history. The fundraising of approximately $24.5 billion is intended for expanding its Korean production capacity, including advanced packaging and EUV equipment. This massive demand from long-term funds and prominent institutions like Baillie Gifford and Situational Awareness Partners (led by noted investor Leopold Aschenbrenner) presents a stark contrast to the recent downturn in the broader semiconductor sector. The sector has faced a significant correction, with SK Hynix's own stock falling nearly 30% from its June high. This sell-off was triggered by concerns that major tech giants might slow their AI infrastructure spending, following signals like Meta's reported plan to sell surplus computing capacity. The strong ADR appetite suggests long-term investors still believe in the AI investment cycle's fundamentals, viewing the recent decline more as a valuation reset than a demand collapse. Some market speculation even suggests the pre-IPO price drop could be strategic, setting the stage for a stronger post-listing performance. While SK Hynix's successful listing may act as a short-term positive catalyst for market sentiment, the article argues the true signal for a sustained semiconductor recovery will come from upcoming earnings reports of tech giants like Microsoft, Google, Meta, and Amazon. Their future capital expenditure plans will be crucial in determining whether the AI-driven growth cycle can continue.

Odaily星球日报1h ago

Sevenfold Oversubscription, Can SK Hynix Save the Semiconductor Industry This Time?

Odaily星球日报1h ago

Breaking News: Musk Delivers the Most Powerful Grok 4.5, Slashes Price of Top-tier Opus Intelligence Drastically

**Elon Musk Launches Grok 4.5: A Cost-Effective, High-Performance AI Rival** SpaceXAI, in collaboration with Cursor, has released Grok 4.5, its new flagship AI model designed specifically for coding and agentic tasks. Trained on tens of thousands of NVIDIA GB300 GPUs using massive, high-quality data filtered from trillions of Cursor developer interactions, the model emphasizes "per-token intelligence." In benchmark performance, Grok 4.5 is highly competitive. It scores 64.7% on SWE Bench Pro (surpassing GPT-5.5's 58.6% and Opus 4.7's 64.3%), 83.3% on Terminal Bench 2.1 (nearly matching GPT-5.5), and 62.0% on DeepSWE 1.0 (beating Opus 4.8). Overall, it ranks fourth in AAAI official tests and first in the Harvey legal agent benchmark. The model's key advantage is its combination of speed, efficiency, and low cost. It generates responses at 80 tokens per second and, crucially, uses far fewer tokens to complete tasks—4.2 times fewer than Opus 4.8 on SWE Bench Pro. It is priced at $2 per million input tokens and $6 per million output tokens, significantly undercutting competitors. Musk stated it is "roughly equivalent to Opus 4.7, but much faster." Early user tests show Grok 4.5 can generate functional code for applications like 3D solar system simulators and basic games from simple prompts, though some note it still lags behind top models in certain creative tasks. Musk has hinted at a major update next month, leveraging real-world engineering data from his companies, with an even larger 2-trillion parameter version reportedly in development. Grok 4.5 positions itself not as the absolute strongest model, but as a highly efficient and affordable alternative in the top tier.

marsbit1h ago

Breaking News: Musk Delivers the Most Powerful Grok 4.5, Slashes Price of Top-tier Opus Intelligence Drastically

marsbit1h ago

Today, The Hong Kong Exchange Was Once Again Overwhelmed

Hong Kong's stock exchange witnessed an exceptionally busy day on July 9, with a record seven companies conducting initial public offerings (IPOs) simultaneously. The list included major firms such as Luxshare Precision, which launched the largest Hong Kong IPO of the year, and other notable names like Tri-Ring Group and Qiyunshan Food. However, the market reception was sharply divided on the first trading day. While Qiyunshan Food's shares surged over 110%, several other newcomers, including Luxshare Precision, Dingtai High-Tech, and Rigol Technologies, opened below their issue prices, with some falling nearly 20%. This event highlights a broader, bustling IPO scene in Hong Kong for 2024, with 82 Chinese companies listing in the first half alone—more than double the figure from the same period last year. A significant portion of this activity comes from dual "A+H" listings, where mainland China-listed firms seek secondary listings in Hong Kong. These larger companies have accounted for nearly 60% of total fundraising. Despite the high volume, recent trends show a cooling market sentiment for many new listings. Several IPOs in early July, including that of Tongrentang Healthcare, debuted with significant losses, indicating increased investor caution and selectivity. The market narrative is shifting, with capital increasingly concentrating on high-growth sectors like artificial intelligence, robotics, and semiconductors, while traditional manufacturing and consumer goods face greater pressure and volatility. This divergence underscores a market where success is no longer guaranteed by merely listing, but depends heavily on a company's growth prospects and sector appeal.

marsbit1h ago

Today, The Hong Kong Exchange Was Once Again Overwhelmed

marsbit1h ago

Trading

Spot

Hot Articles

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of ETH (ETH) are presented below.

活动图片

Top Questions