Бутерин поделился частью новой дорожной карты Ethereum

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2024-06-17Last updated on 2024-10-17

Виталик Бутерин поделился частью новой дорожной карты Ethereum. Главная цель — решить текущие проблемы сети и улучшить ее масштабируемость

Обновленная дорожная карта Ethereum включает в себя несколько амбициозных целей. Рассказываем по порядку.

Обновление The Surge: ключевые цели

Достижение 100 000 TPS

Одна из ключевых целей — увеличить скорость транзакций в секунду (TPS) до 100 000 как на первом уровне (L1), так и на втором (L2). По словам Бутерина, это крайне важно для улучшения пользовательского опыта.

Увеличить TPS можно с помощью следующих технологий:

  • Выборка доступности данных (DAS). Эта технология позволит узлам сети проверять доступность данных, запрашивая лишь небольшие их части. DAS снизит нагрузку на сеть и ускоряет верификацию транзакций.
  • Оптимизация архитектуры протоколов. Будут применяться более эффективные алгоритмы и методы хранения данных, такие как сжатие и оптимизация кодирования, что увеличит скорость обработки транзакций.
  • Решения второго уровня (L2). Активное развитие Rollups и параллельных сетей L2 позволит обрабатывать множество транзакций вне основной цепочки, минимизируя данные, записываемые на L1.
  • Архитектуры Plasma. Эти системы будут обрабатывать транзакции за пределами основного блокчейна, увеличивая масштабируемость и скорость.

Децентрализация и надежность L1

Бутерин подчеркивает, что не менее важная задача — сохранить все основные свойства Ethereum на L2. В частности, это включает такие характеристики, как децентрализация, открытость и устойчивость к цензуре.

Максимальная интероперабельность между L2

По словам Виталика, блокчейн Ethereum должен восприниматься как единая экосистема, а не как набор из 34 отдельных сетей. Достигнуть этого можно через:

  • Стандартизацию протоколов. Для обеспечения интероперабельности различные решения L2 должны использовать общие стандарты и протоколы.
  • Интеграцию через кросс-чейн мосты. Создание безопасных и эффективных кросс-чейн мостов позволит пользователям и разработчикам перемещать активы и данные между различными L2 без дополнительных сложностей.
  • Упрощение интерфейсов. Для пользователей важно иметь интуитивно понятные интерфейсы.
  • Обмена данными между L2. Это включает в себя создание стандартов для передачи данных о транзакциях и состоянии между L2.
  • Управление через децентрализованные автономные организации (DAO). Создание DAO для управления стандартами и протоколами L2 может обеспечить более гибкое и адаптивное управление экосистемой.
  • Постоянный диалог между разработчиками. Открытое сотрудничество между командами, работающими над разными L2, может привести к более тесной интеграции и совместимости.

Необходимость в масштабировании

Виталик также отметил необходимость масштабировать мейннет Ethereum. Это необходимо для соответствия спросу. Однако есть «но»:

«Если L2 станут очень масштабируемыми и успешными, а L1 останется способным обрабатывать лишь очень малый объем транзакций, то для Ethereum может возникнуть множество рисков», — написал он.

Самым простым решением, по мнению Бутерина, было бы увеличение лимита газа. Но такой шаг может привести к росту централизациииз-за увеличения расходов, которые несут стейкеры.

Еще одно предложение — удешевить конкретные функции и типы вычислений без ущерба для децентрализации. По словам программиста, это можно сделать через «многомерное» ценообразование на газ, снижение стоимости газа для определенных опкодов и введение новых форматов байткодов.

В марте этого года разработчики Ethereum развернули обновление Dencun. Апгрейд значительно снизил комиссии в L2-сетях благодаря внедрению так называемых blob-объектов.

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