CKB 版 “闪电网络” Fiber Network:比特币可编程性扩展的第三道路

比推Published on 2024-08-30Last updated on 2024-08-30

作者:NingNing

行业周期与宏观金融周期共振,加密行业正处在与 2019 年相似的整体性迷茫之中,现阶段不仅流动性枯竭,叙事貌似也在枯竭。市场不但对 VC 叙事兴趣阙如,对反 VC 的 Meme 叙事也已经疲倦。

就像每次哲学危机,人们都会回归柏拉图寻找出路,当加密行业危机时,我们也需要回归比特币、回归中本聪。

正如 CKB 生态 RGB++ 协议创始人 Cipher 在最新 Blog 里所阐述的,加密行业需要对以太坊 “链上计算” 的路径依赖进行反思,回归P2P经济学,让计算归于链下,让验证归于链上。

因此在比特币可编程性扩展方案的选择上,CKB 尊重比特币社区 “验证大于计算” 的共识,并没有复刻以太坊的 Rollup 方案和 Restaking+AVS 方案,而是致敬比特币闪电网络,推出了 CKB 版的闪电网络 Fiber Network(简称 CFN)。

CFN 的官方描述基于 CKB 和链外通道构成的下一代公共闪电网络。它实际用到技术堆栈主要有:CKB 的 Cell(一种支持图灵完备的 UTXO)、RGB++ 的同构绑定和 Leap 无桥跨链、比特币脚本的 HTLC(哈希时间锁)和闪电网络的状态通道等。

一个标准的 CFN 支付通道生命周期如下:

开启通道 – 锁定资产 – 创建 HTLC – 更新状态 – 验证交易 – 交易完成 – 关闭通道 – 提交最终状态

(CFN 支付通道生命周期)

与比特币闪电网络相同,CFN 的通道可以一直保持活性,N 多一直保持活性的通道借助 “多跳” 机制,从而组成一个链下资产支付/清算网络。

但 CFN 并不是闪电网络 100% 的复制品,相比闪电网络,CFN 有以下几个关键的新特性:

  • 多资产支持:不再局限于单一币种,为复杂的跨链金融应用铺平道路。

  • 可编程性:基于 CKB 的图灵完备智能合约,支持更复杂的条件执行和业务逻辑。

  • 跨链互操作性:原生设计支持与其他 UTXO 链(如 BTC)的闪电网络交互。

  • 更灵活的状态管理:得益于 CKB 的 Cell 模型,CFN 可以更高效地管理通道状态。

特别值得一提的是,CFN 为未来升级到更先进的支付通道技术(如 PTLC)预留了空间。这种前瞻性的设计使得 CFN 在技术演进上更具优势。

由于 CFN 和比特币闪电网络具有技术同构性(例如相同的哈希算法和时间锁脚本),两者之间天然具备实现跨链原子互换的基础。

(CFN 和闪电网络之间的原子跨链互换流程)

让我们通过一个具体的例子来理解这个过程:

  • Alice(CKB 端)想给 Bob(BTC 端)发送 100 个 CKB 等值的 BTC

  • Bob 生成一个秘密 S,并将其哈希 H(S) 给 Alice

  • Alice 在 CFN 上创建 HTLC,锁定 100 CKB,条件是提供正确的 S

  • 同时,在 BTC 闪电网络上也创建相应的 HTLC,锁定等值 BTC

  • Bob 揭示 S 来认领 BTC,同时 S 也被中间环节的节点获得

  • 中间环节的节点使用 S 在 CFN 上解锁了 Alice 的 100 CKB

CFN 和闪电网络之间的原子跨链互换,不仅限于 BTC 和 CKB 两条链的原生资产,而且还支持 RGB++ 资产、Taproot 资产,例如生态第一个 Meme 币 Seal、比特币生态稳定币协议 Stable++ 的稳定币 RUSD 等。

CFN 为 RGB++ 资产提供了快速、低成本的转移渠道。用户可以在 CFN 上快速交易各种 RGB++ 资产,而无需每次都在 CKB 主链上结算。

同时,RGB++ 为 CFN 提供了丰富的资产类型。这大大扩展了 CFN 的应用场景,使其不再局限于简单的价值转移。

两者结合,可以实现 “比特币级别的安全性 + 以太坊级别的功能性 + 闪电网络级别的速度”。这是一个极具竞争力的组合。

围绕加密行业的三大商业模式的资产发行、借贷、交易,CFN 的潜在应用场景除了跨链支付之外有:

  • 跨链流动性挖矿:为 CFN 支持的资产提供跨链流动性的用户可以获得奖励,刺激新资产发行和交易,例如基于 CFN 构建一个比特币生态的 meme 币发射平台。

  • 原子化跨链借贷:用户可以在 BTC 网络上锁定资产,在 CKB 网络上借出对应价值的稳定币,全程无需信任第三方。

  • 跨链 DEX:利用 CFN 可以构建一个去中心化交易所,支持 BTC、CKB 及各种 RGB++ 资产的快速、低成本交易。

如果以上潜在场景最终能够落地,比特币生态就可以借助 CFN 的跨链原子互换能力实现原生稳定币、原生借贷、原生 DEX 等 DeFi 应用。所以说,CFN 不只是 CKB 版的闪电网络,而是在比特币生态具有 Global 意义的可编程性扩展方案。

CFN 目前马上发布测试网,对于它未来的发展我们可以从以下几个指标观察:

  • 与 BTC 闪电网络成功实现互操作的时间点;

  • 主网上线后的跨链交易量增长曲线;

  • 基于 CFN 开发的跨链DApp数量和质量;

  • RGB++ 资产在 CFN 上的采用程度。

最后总结一下,在包括 Babylon、Merlin、BoB、Mezo 在内的众多比特币可编程性扩展方案中,CFN 是独树一帜的存在,它选择回归比特币闪电网络的经典范式而加以创新,从而拥有具有强大共识的比特币原生性和极高的可扩展性,有潜力在未来 BTCFi 的基础设施竞争中超越友商并最终胜出。

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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