Vitalik谈「空投」:令人着迷的身份认证范例

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-08-30Last updated on 2024-08-30

Abstract

什么才是好的身份认证方式?

原文标题:《V 神赞空投革命:验证区块链身份的迷人应用、Worldcoin 还有四大挑战》

原文作者:Zhang joy,动区动趋 BlockTempo

以太坊创办人 Vitalik Buterin 近期在社交平台 X 上与网友互动的频率特别高,尤其是针对 DeFi 赛道发表自己的观点。而在昨(29)日,Vitalik 再度以币圈人熟知的「空投」为话题,讨论了 Airdrop 与区块链身份证明的关系,并大赞「空投是令人着迷的身份认证范例」。

空投是令人着迷的身份认证范例

Vitalik 在推文中首先表示,空投对于零知识证明(ZK)、区块链身份证明而言,是一个令人着迷的范例:

「空投是零知识证明、基于区块链的身份证明、凭证以及证明框架的一个迷人范例,空投的目标是:

  • 分发给社群成员,而非立即出售的纸手 (钻石手反义);

  • 奖励对于专案的贡献;

  • 追求平等(但接受部分差异);

  • 对抗无意义的奖励任务。

这些也恰好是理想的身份证明所要实现的目标。因此,对于建立身份证明或凭证框架的任何人来说,通过代币派发作为初始用例,以在恶性环境中进行 Beta 测试和改进专案是有意义的。」

打折出售也可被视为代币派发的一种方式

另外,Vitalik 还补充表示,空投也并不是唯一一种有意义的代币派发形式,对于项目方而言,他们也可以折扣出售代币:

「一个关键的一点是,免费赠送代币并不是唯一有意义的方式,您还可以进行折扣销售。

根据您所掌握到的贡献程度,您可以以折扣价购买相应数量的大笔,这有助于让代币的供应更加分散,并奖励那些贡献者,同时还能确保有真正的买家参与其中。」

Vitalik谈「空投」:令人着迷的身份认证范例

Worldcoin 还需要改进

针对 Vitalik 提到的空投与身份证明,有社群成员立马想到了由 OpenAI 执行长 Sam Altman 支持的加密货币项目世界币(Worldcoin),对此 V 神也积极回应称:

「Worldcoin 能够处理身份证明的部分,这很好,但我认为它还需要增加对于社群成员的认证。毕竟实际上没有人愿意将代币分发给其他人,人们希望的是,社群意见一致的人持有这些代币。」

去年在世界币的实际运作上,Vitalik 去年也曾发表疑虑,认为现有解决方案依旧不能防范 Orb 硬体设备可能造成的隐私泄露:

「围绕生物识别技术和人格证明协议进行更广泛的思考是一个好方向,但风险包括不可避免的隐私泄露、匿名浏览网路的权利进一步收缩、政府可能进行的胁迫、以及在保持去中心化的同时保证安全的实操性。」

总的来说,他列出了四个主要风险:

  • 隐私。虹膜扫描的註册可能会泄露信息。

  • 扩展障碍。除非有足够多的设备,让世界上任何人都可以轻松获得,否则世界 ID 将无法可靠地访问。

  • 集中化。Orb 是一个硬体设备,我们无法验证它的构造是否正确且没有后门。世界币基金会的中心化也有风险。

  • 安全。用户的手机可能会被骇客入侵,用户可能会被迫扫描自己的虹膜,同时出示属于其他人的公钥。

什么是 V 神认为的好的身份认证方式?

上周,V 神就在一篇题为《多元宇宙哲学概述(Plurality philosophy in an incredibly oversized nutshell)》的万字长文中,提到了一种身份认证方法,即交叉社会身份。

书中写道:

「许多最简单的建立身份的方法同时也破坏了身份,尤其是在网路上。密码通常用于建立身份,但除非小心地进行身份验证,否则它可能会更广泛地遭到泄露。

使用一个人的整套行为和互动来确认身份,例如确定社群的成员资格和一个人的可信度,这套方法是全面性的丶可回复性的丶同时兼顾隐私与安全性。」

对此,V 神也表示十分认同,他认为核心问题是任何单因素的识别技术都太脆弱,因此我们应该使用多因素技术:

「以太坊生态系统中正进行的许多空投尝试,就使用多因素的组合来确定帐户的可信度和成员身份,并为其赋予与该分数成正比的全民基本收入(UBI)或投票权。」

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