观点:为什么 L2s 不会使以太坊陷入通缩?

链捕手Published on 2024-08-15Last updated on 2024-08-15

原文来源:BREAD X 账号

作者:BREAD, 加密KOL

编译:Felix, PANews

 

加密社区流传着一种观点:L2s将使以太坊再次陷入通缩。这句话是不正确的,而且已经有例子可以证明。

本文是关于L2、blob以及为什么Ultrasound Money meme在没有主网用户的情况下会消亡的报告。

(注:一个与以太坊有关的meme,用于强调其在长期内变为通缩的潜力。基本概念是,如果黄金或比特币的供应量有上限,并被视为“Sound Money”,那么以太坊的供应量是在减少,应该被视为“Ultrasound Money”)

要点:

  • 只有在blob和常规费用市场都饱和的情况下,L2s才会使ETH通缩
  • L2在很大程度上不受L1特定批量发布节奏的约束
  • 上述因素结合意味着L2将不断相互协调,以避免为自己创造高费用环境

背景

首先简要回顾一下Dencun之后以太坊的现状(3月份的升级使L2s对用户来说便宜了约10倍)。

Dencun引入了blob空间的概念,这是以太坊上区块空间的扩展,旨在让L2发布其批量数据。

观点:为什么L2s不会使以太坊陷入通缩?

这个新区域有几个值得注意的特性:

  • “Blobspace” 目前限制每个区块内最多6个单独的blobs
  • 这是一个独立于常规区块空间的费用市场,但使用类似的机制

Blockspace:如果当前区块的利用率 >50%,则增加下一个区块的基本费用

Blobspace:如果当前区块中有 4 个(即 >50%)或更多 blobs,则将下一个区块的基本费用增加约 12%

注意:L2s可以自行决定使用Blockspace还是Blobspace

鉴于上述情况,可以预测这些L2的预期行为流程中将导致销毁的一些事情:

  • L2s首先会使blobspace饱和,直到其不再处于空闲状态(3 blob/block)
  • 一旦达到这个水平,他们将开始计算发布成本/声誉节省,并选择以下两种方式:
  • a.) 使用calldata
  • b.) 降低发布频率 / 分散 / 协调以冷却费用市场

这就是说,尽管顶级L2s每月已经赚取数百万的利润(利润率接近100%),但L2s将不断调整其行为,以避免为自己创造高费用环境。

ETH吸血鬼死亡循环:

  • 延长低费用环境
  • 等待以太坊扩容,重置市场
  • 延长低费用环境
  • 等待以太坊扩容,重置市场......

那么ETH计划何时扩容?

最早明年Pectra更新,这可能会将blob容量扩大约 2-3 倍。

但市场并没有提供很多这样的机会,但是有两个L2s故意修改行为以节省成本和避免费用的例子(就像任何业务或理性行为者所做的那样)。

1Blobscriptions热潮

3月下旬,blobs在blobscription阶段经历了“价格发现”,尽管如此:L2s和构建者平均将其blobs限制在3个blobs/block的非价格上涨水平:

观点:为什么L2s不会使以太坊陷入通缩?

数据来源:Dune

他们没有义务超过费用增长水平,所以他们没有这样做。

2LayerZero空投

6月20日,ZRO空投导致Arbitrum上的交易量大幅增加,并导致其涌入blob市场。

简而言之:

  • 更多来自ARB的blobs
  • 所有L2s的blob成本更高
  • 由于没有适当的基础设施来切换到常规区块空间,L2销毁了约80万美元ETH

如果你想了解更多,可查阅作者另条推文

这次事件最大的收获是各团队对高费用环境的反应:

观点:为什么L2s不会使以太坊陷入通缩?

Scroll是一个没有发布义务的zk rollup,完全停止发布。

当查看Scroll时,发现他们确实比正常情况下的速度更快,但反应比OP Mainnet晚得多。有趣的是,当基本费用飙升,blobdatacalldata更昂贵时,Scroll完全停止发布blob。这也解释了为什么与其他L2相比,Scroll的费用最少。

Taiko是一个有严格节奏的rollup,放慢批量处理速度。

由于Taiko是基于Rollup的(即一旦在L1上确认了它们的交易,交易就会在L2上得到确认),他们必须不断发布信息以保持链条的运转。这导致他们在L1上多支付了25+ ETH的费用。然而,当blob基础费用飙升时,甚至Taiko也放慢了30-50% 的批量交易速度,这表明他们在极高的价格下确实具有一定的价格敏感性。

两家市场参与者都采取了合理的措施来降低管理费用。

未来,他们肯定会采用自动化流程,以避免在转换之前浪费数十万美元。

所有的L2s都会。

能做什么?

当作者着手撰写这份报告时,只是想简单地计算一下“需要另外 4 个基础级 L2 才能再次产生 ETH Ultrasound Money™️”,但挖掘得越多,就越意识到这个目标永远无法实现。

L2将不断调整其行为以避免高昂的成本。他们是企业,当然会这样做。

那么鉴于上述情况,该怎么做呢?让主网​​再次变得”炫酷“起来,吸引用户和构建者。

必须在通过L2s进行扩展与将高级用户留在主网上之间取得平衡,而不是将他们不加区分地推到十几个不同结构的生态系统中的一个,而这些生态系统对以太坊的经济回报却微乎其微。

通过调整消息传递来取得进展:

  • 填满容量
  • 扩展到适宜水平
  • 告诉用户和应用程序“滚蛋”(跳过此步骤)
  • 通过L2s扩展

还可以实施EIP-7623之类的措施,以防止L1用户区块空间被用作L2节省成本的故障转移空间。

依靠L2s作为参与者,主网作为纯粹的结算,难道不是吗?就目前的激励措施而言,情况并非如此。

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