Bitwise:历史经验表明 当市场血流成河时应买入比特币

币界网Published on 2024-08-14Last updated on 2024-08-14

币界网报道:

作者:Juan Leon,Bitwise高级投资策略师;编译:0xjs@

8月5日,全球股市陷入恐慌,日本日经指数下跌12%,为1987年以来的最大单日跌幅,标准普尔500指数收盘下跌3%。

不幸的是,比特币的表现也好不到哪里去,8 月 2 日至 8 月 5 日之间暴跌 14.52%。大幅回调引发了媒体的大量疑问:比特币作为对冲工具为何会失败?比特币真的是一种对冲资产吗?

出于好奇,我决定深入研究历史数据。

具体来说,我分析了过去十年中标普 500 指数每天 2% 或以上的跌幅,观察了比特币和黄金的反应。

然后,我根据标普 500 指数下跌当天每种资产的表现,将它们的回报分为三类:

  • 完美对冲——该资产提供了正回报

  • 部分对冲——该资产产生负回报,但表现优于标准普尔 500 指数

  • 没有对冲——该资产的回报比标准普尔 500 指数更差

我发现的内容比通常报道的内容更有启发性,也更微妙。

比特币是短期对冲工具吗? 并非如此。

首先说说比特币的坏消息:数据显示,比特币是一种不可靠的短期对冲工具。事实上,它的单日回报率似乎与股市走势毫无关系。

在超过一半的时间里(准确地说是 59%),它充当了一种对冲工具,在标准普尔 500 指数大幅下跌的日子里,它要么大幅上涨,要么跌幅小于股票。但在另外 41% 的时间里,它的跌幅超过了指数。

不幸的是,当这种情况发生时,情况往往会变得糟糕:当股票下跌 2% 或更多且比特币表现不佳时,它就会真正下跌,平均下跌 7.80%。

这告诉我,并非所有的单日回调都是相同的。当然,股票在某一天下跌 2% 的原因各不相同。数据表明,其中一些原因导致比特币大幅上涨,另一些原因导致比特币大幅下跌;没有硬性规定。

如果你正在寻找一种万无一失的一日对冲方法来对抗股市大幅回调,比特币不是一个好的选择。

比特币

资料来源:Bitwise Asset Management,数据来自彭博社。数据范围为 2014 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 8 月 9 日。

黄金

资料来源:Bitwise Asset Management,数据来自彭博社。数据范围为 2014 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 8 月 9 日。

黄金表现更好,尽管其表现喜忧参半:在标准普尔 500 指数大幅下跌的 54% 时间里,黄金都实现了正收益,但平均而言,黄金在此期间仅上涨了 1.05%。这使得黄金成为一种有效的短期对冲工具具有挑战性:你必须持有大量黄金才能对你的整体投资组合产生真正的影响。如果你的投资组合中有 5% 是黄金,那么这 1% 的变动对缓解投资组合中传统的 60% 股票配置的回调作用不大。其余 46% 的时间里,黄金平均下跌了 0.99%,导致投资组合亏损。

幸运的是,我们大多数人的投资都不是一朝一夕,而是长期投资。因此,我想知道,这两种资产作为对冲这些一日冲击的长期工具表现如何?

从历史上看,比特币是一种长期对冲工具吗?绝对是。

这两种资产在全年的业绩记录则讲述了一个完全不同的故事。在股市回调 2% 或更大幅度的一年后,黄金平均回报率为 7.88%,远远落后于股市的反弹。然而,比特币的平均回报率高达189.68%,足以弥补其波动性。

标准普尔500指数大幅下跌后的一年平均回报率

资料来源:Bitwise Asset Management,数据来自彭博社。数据范围为 2014 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 8 月 9 日。

这种动态是有道理的。黄金是一种值得信赖的资产,许多人在短期恐慌期间会本能地购买黄金。但其成熟状态意味着它在较长时期内表现不佳。比特币的供应量有限且发行量减少,具有强大的保值特性,但仍处于采用阶段的早期。因此,它仍然具有风险资产的因素。这意味着它对市场回调的单日反应变化更大,但观察时间越长,回报就越好。

对于过去十年的回报,记录很清楚:当市场回落时,购买比特币就会获得回报。

比特币会再次表现出色吗?

对这一分析最容易的批评是,过去的表现并不能保证未来的表现。虽然这次可能有所不同,但比特币 12 个月的前景是我见过的最乐观的前景之一。

考虑以下潜在的催化剂:

1、现货比特币 ETP 流入:自 1 月以来,比特币 ETP 的流入量已超过 170 亿美元,超过了新增供应量,推动比特币在今年早些时候创下历史新高。这些流入甚至不包括一些最大的参与者。上周,摩根士丹利成为第一家批准在其平台上推出比特币 ETP 的大型证券公司。我们预计美林证券、瑞银、富国银行和其他机构也将效仿。

2、监管顺风:国会两党联盟今年已推动众议院通过三项加密货币法案。随着共和党将加密货币纳入其 2024 年官方政纲,以及哈里斯竞选团队重新评估其立场,该行业即将迎来监管明朗化。

3、美联储降息:欧洲央行、英国央行等央行已经开始降息。随着美国通胀放缓和经济数据疲软引发衰退担忧,美联储必须迎头赶上。联邦基金期货已经预期美联储将在 9 月会议上降息。

我们是否已经走出困境?可能还没有。投资者仍对日元套利交易平仓引发的市场波动感到不安。再加上美国总统大选的不确定性、全球经济放缓的迹象以及伊朗和以色列冲突的迫在眉睫的威胁,未来将会出现更多动荡。但下次股市抛售时,你就会知道哪种资产是最佳的长期对冲工具。

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