Arthur Hayes 新文:受流动性影响加密市场或于 9 月摆脱下行,BTC 下一站是 100 万美元

链捕手Published on 2024-08-13Last updated on 2024-08-13

作者:ARTHUR HAYES

编译:深潮TechFlow

 

(这里表达的任何观点均为作者个人观点,不应作为投资决策的基础,也不应被解读为参与投资交易的推荐或建议。)

水,水,到处都是水,

所有的木板都缩小了;

水,水,到处都是水,

却没有一滴可以喝。

—— 柯尔律治,《古舟子之歌》

我喜欢精品咖啡,但我在家冲泡的咖啡总是失败。我在咖啡豆上花了一定的钱,但我的咖啡总是比咖啡馆的差。为了改善我的冲泡,我开始更加关注细节。我忽视了一个重要细节,那就是水的质量。

水对咖啡质量至关重要。最近,在《Standart》第 35 期中的一篇文章让我深受震撼。

在我担任咖啡师期间,我也有过类似的体验,当时我了解到,一杯咖啡中超过 98% 的成分和约 90% 的浓缩咖啡都是水。

这种意识往往比较晚才意识到,可能是因为投钱购买新机器以改善咖啡的想法更容易。“啊,你有个锥形研磨机!这就是你冲泡的咖啡浑浊的原因。换成平磨吧!”但如果问题不在成分呢?如果专注于溶剂本身能否解决我们的咖啡问题呢? —— 兰斯·赫德里克,《论水化学》

我的下一步是理解作者的建议,并订购一个家用蒸馏水机。我知道一家当地的咖啡店出售矿物浓缩液,可以添加到水中,这将为我的咖啡提供完美的基础,以突显他们烘焙咖啡的风味。到这个冬天,我的早晨咖啡一定会非常美味……我希望如此。我为那些热爱冒险的朋友们祈祷,他们将在攀登羊蹄山之前品尝我的“黑金”咖啡。

优质的水对于冲泡美味的咖啡至关重要。转向投资,水或流动性对积累比特币(sats)也很重要。这是我所有文章中反复出现的主题。但我们常常忘记它的重要性,而专注于那些我们认为会影响赚钱能力的小事。

如果你能够识别出法币流动性是如何、在哪里、为什么以及何时被创造的,那么投资时就很难亏损。除非你是苏·朱或凯尔·戴维斯。如果金融资产以美元和美国国债(UST)定价,那么可以推断,全球货币和美元债务的数量是最关键的变量。

我们需要关注的不是美国联邦储备(Fed),而是美国财政部。这将帮助我们确定 Pax Americana 的法币流动性增减的具体情况。

我们需要回到“财政主导”这一概念,以理解为什么美国财政部长耶伦让美联储主席鲍威尔成为她的“beta cuck towel bitch boy”。请阅读我那篇名为 Kite or Board 的文章,以获得更深入的讨论。在财政主导期间,资助国家的必要性超过了中央银行对通货膨胀的任何担忧。这意味着银行信贷,以及名义 GDP 增长,必须保持在高水平,即使这会导致通货膨胀持续高于目标水平。

时间和复利决定了权力从中央银行转移到财政部的时机。当债务与 GDP 的比率超过 100% 时,债务在数学上以比经济增长快得多的速度增长。在这一事件视界之后,控制债务供应的机构被加冕为皇帝。这是因为财政部决定何时、发行多少以及到期时债务将被发行。此外,由于政府现在依赖债务驱动的增长来维持现状,它最终会指示中央银行使用其印钞机兑现财政部的支票。中央银行的独立性不再重要!

COVID 的爆发以及美国政府让人们居家隔离的措施,并通过发放刺激支票来换取他们的服从,导致债务与 GDP 的比率迅速超过 100%。从“奶奶”转变为“坏女孩”耶伦只是时间的事。

在美国尚未进入彻底的恶性通货膨胀场景之前,耶伦有一个简单的方法可以创造更多的信贷并推动资产市场。美联储的资产负债表上有两个经过消毒的资金池,如果将其释放到市场,将促进银行信贷增长并推高资产价格。第一个池子是逆回购资金池 (RRP)。我曾详细讨论过这一资金池,即货币市场基金 (MMF) 在美联储过夜存放现金并获得利息。第二个池子是银行储备,美联储对这一资金池的计划以类似的方式支付利息。

当资金在美联储的资产负债表上时,它无法被再抵押进入金融市场以产生广义货币或信贷增长。通过向银行和货币市场基金分别提供储备利息和逆回购利息的激励,美联储的量化宽松 (QE) 计划创造了金融资产价格的通货膨胀,而不是导致银行信贷的快速增长。如果 QE 没有以这种方式进行消毒,银行信贷将流入实体经济,增加产出和商品/服务的通货膨胀。鉴于 Pax Americana 当前的总债务,强劲的名义 GDP 增长加上商品/服务/工资的通货膨胀正是政府需要的,以增加税收和降低杠杆。因此,“坏女孩”耶伦出手来纠正局势。

耶伦对通货膨胀毫不在乎。她的目标是创造名义经济增长,以便税收上升,降低美国的债务与 GDP 比率。鉴于没有任何政党或其支持者承诺削减开支,赤字将在可预见的未来持续存在。此外,由于联邦赤字的规模是和平时期历史上最大的,她必须利用自己所有可用的工具来为政府融资。具体来说,这意味着尽可能多地将资金从美联储的资产负债表转移到实体经济中。

耶伦需要给银行和货币市场基金提供他们想要的东西。他们希望拥有一种无信用、利率风险最小的收益现金类工具,以替代他们在美联储持有的收益现金。到期少于一年的国库券 (T-bill),其收益率稍高于储备余额利息 (IORB) 或逆回购利率 (RRP),是完美的替代品。国库券是一种可以在市场上进行杠杆操作的资产,将产生信贷和资产价格增长。

耶伦有能力发行价值 3.6 万亿美元的国库券吗?当然可以。联邦政府正在运行 2 万亿美元的年度赤字,必须通过财政部发行的债务证券来融资。

然而,耶伦或在 2025 年 1 月接替她的人并不一定要发行国库券来为政府融资。她可以出售流动性较差、利率风险较高的长期国债。这些证券不是现金等价物。此外,由于收益率曲线的形状,长期债务证券的收益率低于国库券。银行和货币市场基金的利润动机使得他们不可能用在美联储持有的资金交换国库券以外的任何东西。

那么,为什么我们这些加密交易者要关心美联储的资产负债表与更广泛金融体系之间资金的流动呢?请看这张美丽的图表。

随着逆回购计划 (RRP)(白色线)从高位回落,比特币 (黄金) 从低位反弹。如你所见,这是一种紧密的关系。当资金离开美联储的资产负债表时,它增加了流动性,这导致比特币等有限金融资产价格上涨。

为什么会发生这种情况?让我们咨询财政部借款咨询委员会 (TBAC)。在其最新的报告中,TBAC 清楚地说明了增加国库券发行与货币市场基金 (MMF) 在 RRP 中持有的资金之间的关系。

大型的隔夜逆回购余额可能表明对国库券的需求旺盛。在 2023-24 年间,隔夜逆回购资金几乎一对一地转移到国库券。这一轮换促进了创纪录的国库券发行的顺利吸收。 —— Slide 17,TBAC 2024 年 7 月 31 日

只要国库券的收益率稍高于逆回购利率,货币市场基金就会将现金转入国库券——目前,1 个月期国库券的收益率比 RRP 中的资金高出约 0.05%。

下一个问题是,坏女孩耶伦能否将剩余的 3000 亿到 4000 亿美元的资金从 RRP 引导到国库券中。如果你怀疑坏女孩耶伦,那你可能面临制裁!问问那些来自发展中国家的可怜灵魂,当你失去获得美元以购买基本生活必需品如食物、能源和药品的机会时会发生什么。

在最近的 2024 年第三季度季度融资公告 (QRA) 中,财政部表示将在今年年底前发行 2710 亿美元的国库券。这很好,但 RRP 中仍然有资金。她能做得更多吗?

让我快速谈谈财政部回购计划。通过该计划,财政部回购流动性不足的非国库券债务证券。财政部可以通过减少其一般账户 (TGA) 或发行国库券来为购买提供资金。如果财政部增加国库券的供应并减少其他类型债务的供应,它将净增加流动性。资金将离开 RRP,这对美元流动性是积极的,随着其他类型国债供应的减少,持有者将转向风险曲线以替代这些金融资产。

截至 2024 年 11 月的最新回购计划总计将购买价值 300 亿美元的非国库券。这相当于再发行 300 亿美元的国库券,使得 RRP 的资金流出总额达到 3010 亿美元。

这是一项稳健的流动性注入。但坏女孩耶伦有多厉害?她多么希望少数族裔美国总统候选人莫马拉·哈里斯获胜?我之所以称她为“少数族裔”,是因为哈里斯在不同场合中根据听众的不同而改变她的表型归属。这是她所拥有的独特能力。我支持她!

财政部可以通过将 TGA 从约 7500 亿美元降至零来注入巨额流动性。他们可以这样做,因为债务上限将在 2025 年 1 月 1 日生效,按照法律,财政部可以支出 TGA 以避免或推迟政府关门。

坏女孩耶伦将在年末之前注入至少 3010 亿美元,最多可达 1.05 万亿美元。砰!这将创造一个辉煌的牛市,涵盖所有类型的风险资产,包括加密货币,正好赶上选举。如果哈里斯仍然无法击败那个橙色的人,那我想她需要变成一个白人男性。我相信她在她/他的能力范围内有这个超能力。

手榴弹

在过去 18 个月中,通过抽取逆回购计划 (RRP) 向金融市场注入 2.5 万亿美元非常令人印象深刻。但还有一大堆沉睡的流动性渴望被释放。耶伦的接任者能否在 2025 年后创造一个将资金从美联储持有的银行储备中抽出并注入更广泛的经济的局面?

在财政主导的时期,所有事情都是可能的。但怎么做呢?

盈利性银行会在资本充足率方面将一种收益类现金工具与另一种进行交换,只要监管机构对它们的待遇相同,并且后者的收益率更高。目前,国库券的收益率低于美联储持有的储备余额,因此银行不会购买国库券。

但明年当逆回购几乎为零,而财政部继续向市场抛售大量国库券时会发生什么?充足的供应和货币市场基金 (MMFs) 无法用停放在逆回购中的资金购买国库券,这意味着价格必须下跌,收益率将上升。一旦国库券的收益率比超额储备利率高出几个基点,银行就会利用其储备大量购买国库券。

耶伦的接任者——我愿意打赌是杰米·戴蒙——将无法抵挡继续向市场倾销国库券以获取执政党的政治利益的能力。另有 3.3 万亿美元的银行储备流动性等待被注入金融市场。跟我一起喊:国库券,宝贝,国库券!

我相信 TBAC 正在悄悄暗示这一可能性。以下是来自之前报告的另一个片段,我的评论用[粗体]标出:

展望未来,许多因素可能需要进一步研究,以考虑未来国库券发行的份额:

[TBAC 希望财政部考虑未来以及国库券的发行规模应该有多大。在整个报告中,他们主张国库券的发行应保持在总净债务的 20% 左右。我相信他们在试图说明什么会导致这一比例增加,以及为什么银行会成为购买这些国库券的主体。] —— TBAC 2024 年 7 月 31 日,幻灯片 26页

银行监管环境的演变和持续评估(包括流动性和资本改革等),以及对银行和交易商在主要国债市场中有意义地参与以中介和仓储(预期的)未来美国国债期限和供应的影响

[银行不想持有更多吸引更严格抵押品要求的长期票据或债券。他们在悄悄地表示,我们不会再购买长期债务,因为这会损害他们的盈利能力并且风险太大。如果主要交易商罢工,财政部就麻烦了,因为还有谁有资产负债表来吸收巨额的债务拍卖。]

市场结构的演变及其对国债市场韧性倡议的影响,包括,

  • SEC 的中央清算规则,这将要求在覆盖清算机构中发布大量的保证金

  • [如果国债市场转向交易所,这将要求交易商发布数十亿美元的额外抵押品。他们无法承担这样的成本,结果将是参与度下降。]

  • 未来(预期的)美国国债拍卖规模及在现金管理和基准国库券发行中的可预测性

  • [如果赤字继续保持如此庞大,发行的债务可能大幅增加。因此,国库券作为“缓冲器”的作用将变得越来越重要。这意味着需要更高的国库券发行。]

  • 未来货币基金改革和国库券的潜在结构性需求

  • [如果货币市场基金逆回购完全抽走后重返市场,国库券的发行将超过 20%。]—— TBAC 2024 年 7 月 31 日,幻灯片 26

银行已经有效地罢工,不再购买长期国债。坏女孩耶伦和鲍威尔几乎导致银行系统崩溃,因为他们让银行充满国债,然后从 2022 年到 2023 年提高利率……安息吧,银门银行、硅谷银行和签名银行。剩下的银行不想再冒险,看看如果再次贪婪地购买高价国债会发生什么。

例证:自 2023 年 10 月以来,美国商业银行仅购买了 15% 的非国库券国债证券。这对耶伦来说非常糟糕,因为她需要银行在美联储和外国退出时挺身而出。我认为,只要银行购买国库券,它们就会乐于履行自己的责任,因为国库券的风险特征与银行储备相似,但收益率更高。

寡妇制造者

从 160 到 142 的美元-日元货币对的变动在全球金融市场引发了剧烈反响。许多人上周被提醒要卖掉他们能卖的东西。那一刻是教科书式的相关性。美元-日元将达到 100,但下一波将由日本公司 (Japan Inc.) 的外资回流驱动,而不仅仅是对冲基金投资者们解套日元套利交易。他们将出售美国国债和美国股票(主要是像 NVIDIA、Microsoft、Google 等大型科技股)。

日本央行试图加息,全球市场反应激烈。他们妥协了,并宣布加息不在考虑之内。从法定货币流动性角度来看,最坏的情况是日元横盘交易,没有新的低成本日元头寸被建立。随着日元套利交易的威胁消退,坏女孩耶伦的市场干预再次成为焦点。

脱水

没有水,你就会死去。没有流动性,你就会面临崩溃。

为什么自今年四月以来,加密货币风险市场一直横盘或下跌?大多数税收是在四月产生的,这导致财政部需要减少借款。我们可以看到四月至六月之间发行的国库券数量有所减少。

由于国库券的净减少,市场中的流动性被移除。即使政府总体借款增加,财政部提供的现金类工具的净减少也会导致流动性减少。因此,现金仍被困在美联储的资产负债表上,逆回购计划 (RRP) 中,无法推动金融资产价格增长。

这张比特币(黄金)与 RRP(白色)的图表清晰地展示,从一月到四月,当国库券净发行时,RRP 下降,比特币上涨。从四月到七月,当国库券从市场中净撤回时,RRP 上升,比特币横盘交易,伴随着几次剧烈的下跌。我在七月一日停止,因为我想展示美元-日元从 162 强劲回落至 142 之前的互动,这导致风险资产普遍抛售。

因此,按照坏女孩耶伦的话,我们知道在现在到年末之间将净发行 3010 亿美元的国库券。如果这一关系成立,比特币将迅速回补因日元升值造成的抛售。比特币的下一个目标是 100,000 美元。

什么时候是山寨币的季节?

山寨币是高 Beta 比特币的加密玩法。但在这个周期中,比特币和以太坊现在在美国上市的交易所交易基金 (ETF) 中有结构性买入。尽管比特币和以太坊自四月以来有所回调,但它们逃过了山寨币市场的惨败。山寨币的季节只有在比特币和以太坊分别突破 70,000 美元和 4,000 美元后才会回来。Solana 也将超过 250 美元,但考虑到相对市值,Solana 的上涨对整个加密市场财富效应的影响远不及比特币和以太坊。到年末,受美元流动性驱动的比特币和以太坊的反弹将为性感山寨币派对的回归奠定坚实基础。

交易设置

随着国库券的发行和回购计划在后台运行,流动性状况将改善。如果哈里斯动摇,需要更多火力来推动股市上涨,耶伦将减少 TGA 的资金。无论如何,我预计加密货币将在九月开始摆脱横盘下行的轨迹。因此,我将利用这个北半球夏季末的疲软期来加大对加密风险的投资。

美国选举将在十一月初举行。耶伦将在十月达到操控的巅峰。今年没有比这更好的流动性时机了。因此,我将趁势而为。我不会清算我的整个加密投资组合,但会在更具投机性的动量交易中获利,并将资本存放在质押的 Ethena USD (sUSDe) 。加密市场上涨,提高了特朗普胜选的几率。特朗普的胜选概率在刺杀未遂和慢乔 (Slow Joe) 的灾难性辩论表现后达到了顶峰,卡马拉·哈里斯是一个一流的政治傀儡,但她不是一个八旬的植物人。那正是她击败特朗普所需的一切。选举是一场掷硬币的比赛,我宁愿在场外观看混乱,并在美国债务上限提高后再重新进入市场。我预计这将在一月或二月之间发生。

一旦美国债务上限的闹剧结束,流动性将从财政部和美联储涌出,以使市场恢复正常。然后,真正的牛市将开始。100 万美元的比特币仍然是我的基本预测。

P.S.:一旦坏女孩耶伦和毛巾男鲍威尔联手,中国将最终释放其期待已久的财政刺激。2025 年中美加密牛市将是辉煌的。

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What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

431 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

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