为什么美联储降息时,BTC比特币反跌,过往的降息伴随的反而市场会下跌?

币界网Published on 2024-08-12Last updated on 2024-08-12

币界网报道:

通常情况下,降息意味着流动性增加,市场资金宽松,因此人们可能会预期资本市场上涨。然而,现实中每当美联储开启降息周期时,市场往往出现大幅下跌,甚至有时会引发金融危机。这背后的原因与市场的结构性特征息息相关。

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经历一轮美元加息后,美元的收益率通常高于其他主要经济体,再加上美元资产的风险相对较低,全球资金自然会涌向美国。这种背景下,投资者不仅依赖利率差来获利,还往往通过加杠杆放大资本规模以追求更高收益。因此,经过一段时间的美元加息,市场中的杠杆水平会大幅上升。

资本运作的核心是安全性与回报率。自2022年起,美联储实施了近几十年来幅度和速度最快的加息政策,伴随着全球局势的不稳定,各种地缘政治争端和动荡频发,这进一步强化了资金流入美国的动力。因此,在加息和缩表的背景下,美股和加密货币市场持续走高。

然而,当美联储开始降息时,套利结构的利润空间被压缩,资本便开始抛售资产以偿还债务,这就是资产价格下跌的主要原因。如果此时经济出现衰退,市场恐慌性抛售加剧,则可能演变成金融危机。2000年的互联网泡沫和2008年的次贷危机,都是在美联储开始降息后发生的。降息速度越快,市场中的高杠杆结构崩溃得越快,危机的程度也越深。

近期,市场对于日本央行加息以及美国不及预期的就业数据表现出极大的恐慌,美股、日股以及加密市场纷纷大跌,主要原因是担心美国经济可能陷入衰退,甚至更严重的经济萧条。

2000年和2008年的教训使得美联储在应对危机时变得更加谨慎。通常,在危机中,美联储会通过量化宽松政策,即直接印钞购买资产来稳定市场。2008年金融危机后的数年,以及2020年疫情引发的市场暴跌,都是通过这种方式应对的。

然而,这种策略带来的副作用是债务规模的急剧膨胀,严重侵蚀了法币的信用。目前,美联储的债务规模已超过35万亿美元。如果再次发生危机并依赖印钞救市,债务规模终将达到无法承受的地步,最终可能引发超级通胀。

随着日元加息和美元降息临近,全球流动性可能将进一步收缩,市场关注的焦点是美国是否会陷入经济衰退?如果衰退发生,美联储是否会再次启动大规模的印钞救市?

降息周期的初期,市场可能会经历“温和”的下跌;若经济衰退确认,则可能演变为危机式下跌;而在美联储采取大规模宽松政策后,市场可能会再次反弹。从根本上看,这依然反映了纸币贬值的趋势。

历史不会简单重复,但其韵律总是相似的。

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