详解《美国比特币战略储备法案》:每年购入 20 万个比特币,五年内达到 100 万个

深潮TechFlowPublished on 2024-08-06Last updated on 2024-08-06

Abstract

该法案设立了一个「比特币购买计划」,计划每年购买不超过 200,000 个比特币,持续五年,总计购买 1,000,000 个比特币。

撰文:Aiying 艾盈
随着全球各国对数字资产的重视程度不断提高,美国也在积极探索如何在这一领域保持领先地位。在这一背景下,参议员 Cynthia Lummis 就在 7 月 31 号提出了《美国比特币战略储备法案》(BITCOIN Act of 2024)。该法案旨在通过建立国家比特币储备,增强美国的金融安全和领导地位。


一、法案内容
通过将比特币纳入国家资产储备,这一法案希望为美国提供一种对抗经济不确定性和货币不稳定性的工具,增强国家的金融弹性。以下是 Aiying 艾盈整理的法案内容:
1. 比特币购买计划
该法案设立了一个「比特币购买计划」,计划每年购买不超过 200,000 个比特币,持续五年,总计购买 1,000,000 个比特币。这将占比特币总供应量的约 5%。购买过程将透明且战略性地进行,以尽量减少对市场的干扰。这一计划的目标是确保美国政府能够在未来二十年内持有大量比特币,为国家提供一个长期的金融对冲工具。


2. 安全存储设施的建立
为了确保比特币的安全存储,法案要求建立一个去中心化的比特币安全存储设施网络。这个网络将由美国财政部管理,并分布在全国各地,以增强储备的安全性和弹性。每个存储设施都将采用最先进的物理和数字安全措施,确保比特币储备免受未经授权的访问和攻击。
3. 购买的资金来源
法案提议利用现有的联邦储备系统和财政部的资金来购买比特币。具体方法包括重新评估联邦储备的黄金证书,以反映黄金的市场价值,并将差额用于购买比特币。此外,法案还计划减少联邦储备银行的自由盈余资金,将节省的部分资金用于比特币购买计划。
4. 持有时长和使用规则
根据法案规定,政府购买的比特币将至少持有 20 年。在此期间,这些比特币不得出售、交换或拍卖,除非用于偿还国债。初始持有期过后,每两年内最多可以出售不超过 10% 的储备。这一规则旨在确保比特币储备的长期稳定性,同时提供一定的灵活性以应对未来的经济需求。
5. 对抗经济不确定性和货币不稳定性
通过将比特币纳入国家资产储备,法案希望为美国提供一种对抗经济不确定性和货币不稳定性的有效工具。比特币作为一种去中心化和有限供应的数字资产,具有独特的抗通胀和避险功能。持有比特币不仅可以增强国家的金融弹性,还能在全球金融创新中保持领先地位,确保美国在未来的经济竞争中处于有利位置。
通过以上措施,《美国比特币战略储备法案》力图在数字经济时代为美国提供新的金融安全保障,推动国家金融体系的现代化和多元化。
二、目前美国各虚拟货币相关提案进展
每一届国会通常会收到数千个法案的提案,118 届国会(2023-2024 年):截至目前,已经提交了超过 9,235 个法案和 1,398 个决议,最后只有一部分最终会通过并成为法律。
而任何国会议员都可以提出法案。法案提交后,会被分配给相关的委员会进行审议和讨论。委员会可以进行听证会、修订法案,然后决定是否将其提交全体议会审议。一个法案要成为法律,需要经过多个步骤,包括在提出法案的议院(众议院或参议院)进行讨论和投票,然后在另一议院进行同样的过程。两院都通过后,法案送交总统签署成为法律。如果总统否决,国会可以通过三分之二的多数票推翻总统否决。
据 Aiying 艾盈了解,近年来,美国国会提出了多项与虚拟货币相关的法案:

  1. 数字资产市场结构与投资者保护法案(Digital Asset Market Structure and Investor Protection Act):2021 年 7 月 28 日由众议员 Don Beyer 提出,该法案旨在创建一个全面的数字资产监管框架,涵盖稳定币、去中心化金融(DeFi)以及加密货币交易所的监管 。详情可阅读《解读美国 24 年总统大选前或将出台的数字资产法案
  2. 稳定币信托法案(Stablecoin TRUST Act)2022 年 12 月 21 日,由参议员 Pat Toomey 提出。该法案旨在创建一个稳定币发行的联邦和州监管框架,确保稳定币的资本和储备要求,并支持美元作为数字交易媒介的地位。详情可阅读《美国稳定币法案对监管市场意味着什么?
  3. 加密货币问责法案(Cryptocurrency Accountability Act):2023 年 7 月 27 日,由众议员 Elissa Slotkin,法案提议要求国会议员披露其持有的加密货币,以增加透明度和防止利益冲突 。
  4. 金融创新和技术 21 世纪法案(Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act):2023 年 7 月 20由众议员汤普森.格伦提出,旨在定义加密货币是证券还是商品,并扩展监管机构对加密货币行业的监督权。详情可阅读《 美国伊利诺伊州确认 BTC 和 ETH 属于数字商品意义很大?其加现实监管政策如何?

以上法案目前还在审议中,暂还没有通过的。法案的实际操作落地中存在市场波动和监管挑战但是想法还是非常创新大胆的,给了全球各央行抛砖引玉的思考。而如果特兰普上台的话,以他大胆创新的脑回路,预计各项相关法案推进速度将非常快,毕竟特朗普在周五在接受福克斯商业采访时讨论了加密货币。特朗普强调了美国在加密货币领域的领先地位的重要性,暗示政府可以用比特币偿还 35 万亿美元的国债。

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