比特币美元全线崩溃,黑色星期一背后:日元套利交易逆转

coinvoicePublished on 2024-08-05Last updated on 2024-08-05

作者:深潮 TechFlow

 

一只蝴蝶在巴西轻拍翅膀,可能导致一个月后在得克萨斯州引发一场龙卷风。

7月31日,日本央行将政策利率从0%至0.1%提高至0.25%左右,这是今年3月日本结束负利率政策以来首次加息。

过去一个月,日元兑美元汇率上涨了约8%,随着美日利差收窄预期升温,套利交易逆转的趋势,正在全球引发一场大规模“清算”。

全球部分金融市场迎来黑色星期一。

日本股市出现史诗级暴跌,日经指数狂泻9%,日本东证指数两次触发熔断机制,创下八年来最大单日跌幅。

图片

韩国与台湾地区股市未能幸免。

韩国市场开盘亦出现超4%的大跌,三星股价跌幅扩大至5%,创2020年以来最大跌幅,韩国交易所启动了临时停牌交易措施。

美股期指持续走低,纳斯达克100指数期货跌幅扩大至2%,美国2年期国债收益率下跌9个基点,跌至2023年5月以来的最低水平,美元指数跌至103附近,可以预见,今晚美股市场又是一场腥风血雨。

不过,要数最惨,还是加密市场。

比特币一度跌至54000美元附近,以太坊一度跌至2100美元附近,单日跌幅近20%,24小时爆仓8亿美元,整个加密市场市值跌破2万亿美元。

图片

事后回溯来看,此次全球大杀跌或许由于日元套利反转迭加动荡的中东局势共同导致。

什么是日元套利交易?

货币的套利交易属于利差交易(Carry Trade)中的一种,即借入利率较低的货币,投资于利率较高或预期收益率较高的金融资产

由于日本的利率常年处于极低水平,市场参与者通过在日本以低利率借钱融资,然后将资金换成美元等其他货币,去投资高利率国家的资产。

日元套利交易的高峰始于2004年。为刺激经济复苏,日本央行于2001年3月—2006年7月一直实行“零利率”政策。相反,这一时期,欧美各国却频繁加息,利率水平不断升高。投资者纷纷借入日元,并在外汇市场购买美元、欧元等高息货币用于投资股票、房地产等市场,或者直接购买以这些高息币种计价的高收益资产,从中获利。

日元套利交易历来支持全球股市的牛市,它使廉价的货币资金能够投资于其他地方。

典型的案例就是,去年巴菲特借贷日元买入日本商社类公司的股票,并完全对冲掉了日元汇率的风险/收益,专注于日本大型商社稳定性的现金奶牛。

而美股在美元加息的冲击下依然保持着“长牛”,勇闯新高依然得益于日元套利交易,提供了充足的流动性。

比特币也一样,同样是日元长期贬值的受益者。

5月份,BitMEX创始人Arthur Hayes 曾经写过一篇文章唱多比特币,认为日元疲软或将比特币推至 100 万美元

图片

Arthur指出,美元/日元汇率是最重要的全球经济变数之一,中美日之间复杂的货币政策互动,以及其对全球经济的深远影响,牵动着加密货币市场走势。

当提及由于美日利差扩大,日元不断贬破新低的状况。Arthur提到,日本央行不会愿意加息,因为日本央行是日本国债最大持有者。加息时,债券价格会下跌,这意味着日本央行将承受最大损失。但如果日本央行不加息,美联储却又不降息,美元/日元利差依旧会存在,在美元收益率高于日元的情况下,投资者会继续卖出日元,并导致日元继续贬值

“ 面对全球法定货币贬值,比特币是表现最好的资产,他们也知道这一点。当针对日元疲软采取措施时,我将通过数学方式预测流入比特币复合体的资金将如何将价格推高至 100 万美元,甚至可能更高。”Arthur如此预测道。

然而,事态发展出乎Arthur的预测,日元并没有继续贬值,相反日本央行开始了加息

根据历史记录,每次日元套利交易的反转都可能引发危机,因为日元套利交易的一大副作用就是助长有关国家和市场,特别是新兴市场国家的资产泡沫。

海量的日元资金广泛散布于世界股市、汇市以及商品市场,成为左右世界市场行情的重要力量,其在全球市场的快速流动也使国际金融市场罩上许多不安的阴影。也正是如此,从国际货币基金组织到国际清算银行,都不约而同反复提醒日元套利交易的危害性。

国际货币基金组织(IMF)曾发布报告研究过日元套利交易与次贷危机的关系。报告指出,日元套利交易的结束往往会导致资金撤出,引发全球性的资产价格下跌,随着金融机构去杠杆化,将导致信贷紧缩

具体而言,日元套利交易逆转的影响主要体现在以下几个方面:

资产价格波动:日元套利交易的解除导致资金从高收益的风险资产中撤出,这通常会引发资产价格的下跌。

信贷市场紧缩:当金融机构开始解除日元套利交易时,它们需要通过出售资产和偿还债务来减少杠杆,这导致信贷市场的流动性减少,信贷条件进一步紧缩。

风险偏好变化:“恐慌指数”VIX指数与日元套利交易的规模呈负相关关系,当市场参与者预期低风险和高回报时,日元套利交易规模增加,相反亦然。

次贷危机加剧:随着金融机构解除其套利交易头寸,次贷相关资产的价格进一步下跌,加剧了信贷市场的紧缩和金融机构的损失。

最近,美股在科技板块带领下的大幅下挫,在很大程度上表明了套利交易的大量反向平仓

根据花旗分析师Osamu Takashima AC、Daniel Tobon和Brian Levine发布的报告称,以往美元兑日元在上升趋势后转为下行的美日利率差阈值约为4.75%,目前这一利差约为5.25%,而要达到这一水平可能需要美联储进行三次降息,整个过程大约需要六个月时间

敬畏市场与风险!


声明:本内容为作者独立观点,不代表 CoinVoice 立场,且不构成投资建议,请谨慎对待,如需报道或加入交流群,请联系微信:VOICE-V。

来源:深潮TechFlow 原创

Trending Cryptos

Related Reads

With Labour Changing Leaders, Is the Long-Suppressed UK Crypto Market About to Turn Around?

Labour leader change: Hope for UK crypto market? With Keir Starmer's resignation as Prime Minister and Labour leader, a leadership contest has begun. Andy Burnham, the former Mayor of Greater Manchester and now the overwhelming favourite to succeed, has sparked cautious optimism within the UK cryptocurrency industry. Industry figures hope Burnham, seen as more receptive to digital assets than much of the Labour establishment, could shift the party's traditionally harder line. The leadership transition is expected to be swift, with prediction markets like Polymarket assigning a 97% probability to Burnham becoming the next Prime Minister. However, this political shift comes as a comprehensive regulatory framework for crypto, established by law earlier this year, is in its final implementation phase. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is finalizing detailed rules covering trading, custody, stablecoins, and market abuse, with the full regime set to go live in October 2027. While a new Prime Minister can reshuffle ministers and adjust policy priorities, the core regulatory architecture is now law and unlikely to be fundamentally overturned without significant, deliberate government intervention. The main industry hope is that a Burnham government, focusing on economic growth, will ensure the FCA's implementation is pragmatic and growth-oriented. Industry advocates seek proportionate capital requirements, a streamlined licensing process, and clear rules for staking and stablecoins. They argue that embracing the crypto sector could attract investment and listings to London's struggling markets. Despite the optimism, concerns remain that regulatory implementation may still be influenced by more sceptical factions within the Labour party.

Foresight News21m ago

With Labour Changing Leaders, Is the Long-Suppressed UK Crypto Market About to Turn Around?

Foresight News21m ago

A 60-Day Window Depresses Oil Prices, So Why Is the Market Falling Instead?

International oil prices continued to decline on June 23, extending significant losses from the previous session. The market shifted focus from Middle East military risks to actual supply changes following a temporary U.S.-Iran arrangement. The immediate trigger was the resumption of traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical oil shipping chokepoint, with two tankers passing through, signaling eased near-term supply disruption fears. Prices retreated as the "worst-case scenario" was temporarily averted. A reported 60-day window in a U.S.-Iran understanding allows Iran to sell oil during this period, further dampening supply concerns. However, this arrangement is temporary, linked to nuclear talks, and does not guarantee a long-term solution. Market sentiment remains cautious because the deal could still unravel, potentially reinstating sanctions or disrupting shipping. While these developments have lowered immediate risk premiums, prices have not fully returned to pre-conflict levels. Geopolitical news, particularly regarding the stability of the Strait of Hormuz or the progress of negotiations, could quickly reverse the price drop. Additionally, low U.S. strategic petroleum reserves limit the emergency buffer available if supply shocks reemerge. Therefore, the current price decline reflects a reduction in near-term panic, not a complete elimination of Middle East supply risks.

marsbit37m ago

A 60-Day Window Depresses Oil Prices, So Why Is the Market Falling Instead?

marsbit37m ago

SK Hynix Market Cap Exceeds Samsung for First Time in 26 Years, Korean Broker Calls for 50% More Upside

SK Hynix's market capitalization surpassed Samsung Electronics for the first time in 26 years on June 22, reaching 208.1 trillion won. The shift reflects a market trend where companies directly benefiting from AI infrastructure, like SK Hynix, are receiving higher valuation premiums than diversified giants. The surge is driven by AI-driven demand for High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), where SK Hynix holds a dominant 70-80% market share. Its Q1 2026 revenue exceeded 50 trillion won for the first time, with an operating profit margin of 72%. Hanwha Investment & Securities significantly raised its price target for SK Hynix to 430,000 won, the highest among Korean brokerages. The key rationale is that Long-Term Supply Agreements (LTAs) and robust HBM demand have fundamentally reduced the company's historical profit volatility. Several other brokers have also raised targets, arguing the valuation framework for memory semiconductors is being rewritten, moving away from a cyclical model. Despite the bullish outlook, the stock experienced a pullback of over 5% in regular trading on June 23 after briefly surpassing 3 million won pre-market, amid broader tech sector weakness. Some analysts caution that the市值 overtaking Samsung, whose profit scale and growth forecasts remain higher, could signal short-term overheating. However, high-return investors viewed the dip as a buying opportunity.

marsbit55m ago

SK Hynix Market Cap Exceeds Samsung for First Time in 26 Years, Korean Broker Calls for 50% More Upside

marsbit55m ago

GPU Rental Prices Drop 30% in Three Weeks: AI Value Chain Migrating from Nvidia to Memory Chips

GPU rental prices for Nvidia's flagship B200 chip have fallen by approximately 30% over three weeks, dropping from a high of $6.11/hour to $4.22/hour. This decline signals a potential easing of the "compute scarcity" narrative that has long supported AI hardware valuations. Concurrently, the semiconductor market is witnessing a significant divergence: while the VanEck Semiconductor ETF (SMH) has risen 15% in the past month, with memory giants Micron and SanDisk each surging nearly 60%, Nvidia's stock has declined about 3% over the same period. Analysts suggest this shift indicates that the AI value chain's bottleneck and profits are migrating from compute (GPUs) to memory. Demand for high-bandwidth memory (HBM) remains intensely strong, with contract prices soaring over 100% in H1 2026, granting memory manufacturers significant pricing power. In contrast, increased B200 supply from improved manufacturing yields and competitive pressure from new cloud providers are softening GPU rental rates. While long-term contracts, like SpaceX's $30 billion deal with Google, show sustained large-scale demand for Nvidia hardware, the softening spot prices pressure the margins of cloud providers and could eventually impact Nvidia's order flow if chip prices don't adjust. The key takeaway for investors is not a weakening AI thesis, but a recalibration within the sector: pricing power appears to be strengthening for memory chipmakers while showing signs of strain for leading GPU suppliers.

marsbit1h ago

GPU Rental Prices Drop 30% in Three Weeks: AI Value Chain Migrating from Nvidia to Memory Chips

marsbit1h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

431 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片