别再管川普、贺锦丽谁更友善比特币了 一文读懂共和党与民主党「政策差异」

币界网Published on 2024-07-27Last updated on 2024-07-27

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本文整理了民主党和共和党重大议题上的政策和政治立场的差异,或可从两党的政策倾向推断,到底美国两党谁更支持自由价值,更符合加密货币社群价值观和全球社会的利益。

着现任总统拜登(Joe Biden)宣布退出2024 美国总统大选,贺锦丽(Kamala Harris)成为民主党最可能接棒的总统候选人,并在短时间内传出其顾问团队已向比特币爱好者马克库班(Mark Cuban)咨询多项加密货币问题,表现出她对加密货币领域可能比拜登持更开放态度。

另一方面,前美国总统川普将于台湾时间周日(28)凌晨三点出席2024 比特币大会发表半小时的演讲,市场都期待他会对BTC 抛出什么重大利好?

但是动区要提醒,以立场反覆闻名、在先前总统任期中公开抨击加密货币的川普,目前对比特币、Crypto 的支持,究竟是真心还是选前的吸票策略,可能要打上大大的问号?

V 神:勿以「加密立场」主导你的政治投票

就像最近以太坊共同创办人V 神Vitalik Buterin 所呼吁的,他反对仅基于政治人物的「加密立场」来选择支持的政治阵营。他认为,社群应关注加密货币背后更深层次的自由开放价值,并探究两党过去对「技术自由」的态度,来了解他们现在支持Crypto 的背后动机。

民主党vs. 共和党政策对比

因此,下文动区为读者整理美国两党近年来的执政方向,希望可以帮助你判断,哪个政党才是对自由、开放价值更加支持?并更加了解两党候选人当选后,对美国或是全球可能带来的影响。

根据Diffen 网站所整理的两党政策对比资料,民主党和共和党在税收、政府角色、权利(社会安全、医疗保险)、枪支管制、移民、医疗保健、堕胎、环境政策和监管等重大议题上的政策和政治立场的差异如下:

政治哲学

民主党:自由派,左倾

共和党:保守派,右倾

经济理念

民主党:最低工资和累进税制,即较高所得阶层的税率较高。诞生于反联邦主义的理想,但随着时间的推移演变为支持更多的政府监管。

共和党: 相信任何人(包括富人)都不应该增加税收,工资应该由自由市场决定。

社会和人类观念

民主党:基于社区和社会责任

共和党:基于个人权利和正义

国防议题

民主党:减少国防支出

共和党:增加国防支出

枪枝管制法

民主党:赞成制定更多枪枝管制法,例如反对在公共场所携带隐藏武器的权利。

共和党:反对枪支管制法,并且是第二修正案(携带武器的权利)以及携带隐藏武器的权利的坚定支持者。

同性婚姻、LGBTQ  

民主党:偏向支持(一些民主党人反对)

共和党:偏向反对(一些共和党人不同意)

堕胎

民主党:应保持合法;支持罗诉韦德案

共和党:不应该合法(有一些例外);反对罗诉韦德案

死刑

民主党:虽然民主党人对死刑的支持很强烈,但反对死刑的民主党人也有很大一部分。

共和党:绝大多数共和党人支持死刑。

税收

民主党:累进税制(高收入者应缴纳较高的税率)。一般来说,不反对提高税收来资助政府。

共和党:统一税制(无论收入多少,税率相同)。普遍反对加税。

政府监管

民主党:需要政府法规来保护消费者。

共和党:政府法规阻碍自由市场资本主义和就业成长。

医疗政策

民主党:支持全民健保;政府参与医疗保健的大力支持,包括医疗保险和医疗补助。整体支持欧巴马医疗改格。

共和党:私人公司可以比公营机构更有效地提供医疗保健服务。反对欧巴马医改条款:例如(1)强制要求个人购买健康保险否则就得缴纳罚款,(2)要求提供避孕药。

移民

民主党:内部普遍支持暂停驱逐某些非法移民,或提供他们获得公民身分的途径。例如,无犯罪记录、在美国居住5 年以上的人。

共和党:普遍反对特赦任何非法移民,也反对欧巴马暂停驱逐某些工人的行政命令,并资助加强边境执法行动。

对乌克兰、台湾援助

民主党:支持军援乌克兰以色列和台湾追加预算法案。美国政府在去年7 月底动用总统提拨授权( PDA)提供给台湾三亿四千五百万美元的军备,去年8 月又宣布透过「外国军事融资」(FMF)管道,援台8000 万美元,是史上首例,且是一批无偿军援。

共和党:共和党部分议员一直激烈反对加码援乌法案,主张删减援乌金额,导致今年法案一度搁置。川普在先前任期签署了《台湾保证法案》,支持台湾增强自我防卫能力,使美国军售台湾正常化,任内多次批准对台军售。不过本月他在专访中抨击台湾拿走了美国所有晶片业务,还称台湾应向美国付保护费。

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