比特币虚拟机BVM的开创者TBC如何创造比特币Layer2新范式

币界网Published on 2024-07-26Last updated on 2024-07-26

币界网报道:

TuringBitChain(以下简称 TBC)的故事开始于比特币扩容论坛。

TBC的几位创始人,在比特币扩容论坛中相识。他们都是比特币大区块的支持者,有着共同的理念:对于BTC的未来,他们希望增加区块大小以实现更便宜和更快的交易。

彼时,一场大小区块之战正如火如荼上演着,最终还是小区块主义胜利,比特币一个区块容量锁死了1MB,而那些大区块的拥护者们,则是参与了比特币分叉,后转战那些扩容比特币的分叉链,如BCH、BSV等,在这些分叉链上为了坚持大区块的理想做着各自的项目。

再到了2021年,随着BTC taproot升级的完成,使BTC的门限签名算法可以让BTC支持完全去中心化的layer2智能合约层,TBC的几个创始人聚在一起,决定做一条可以承载海量应用的比特币智能合约层。创始人之一的JONES博士发表了一篇有关比特币一层智能合约缺失的的论文,这就相当于TBC智能合约方案的前身。

如果说2021年论文的发表代表着TBC的开始,那么2024年2月TBC主网上线,便是其发展阶段性的里程碑。主网上线后的短短几个月内, TBC就积累了将近一百位开发者,社区人数积累到了两三万人。

TBC的发展如此迅猛,依靠的是其无可替代的核心技术。

TBC开创了比特币虚拟机BVM这一领域,BVM是基于比特币的脚本系统进行了操作码恢复和功能扩展的虚拟机,它是TBC智能合约的执行引擎。

TBC运用这一概念,并配合更加友好的智能合约开发工具和编译器,降低了原生比特币UTXO模型上编写和部署智能合约的门槛。作为比特币的一条原生同构Layer2的TBC,成功增加了比特币的可扩展性和运算速度。

1.项目简介

TBC是一个基于比特币原始协议的 UTXO 模型的比特币Layer2, 从最底层的TXID生成方法入手,进一步提高了并行性能,并创新性地发明了在 UTXO 模型上实现纯一层智能合约方案的Turingcontract,在保证足够去中心化的基础上, 能实现无上限扩容。并且首创了比特币虚拟机BVM。

2.项目核心技术详解

TBC开创了比特币虚拟机BVM这一领域,BVM是基于比特币的脚本系统进行了操作码恢复和功能扩展的虚拟机,它是TBC智能合约的执行引擎。

TBC运用这一概念,并配合更加友好的智能合约开发工具和编译器,降低了原生比特币UTXO模型上编写和部署智能合约的门槛。

独创的比特币虚拟机BVM,其实现智能合约的运算成本更低,可承载的数据量更大。

2.1对比以太坊EVM和TBC的BVM

对比以太坊EVM和TBC的BVM发现,目前EVM的发展已经到了一个瓶颈,以太坊的设计为:一笔交易发生时,所有节点都需要执行并验证该合约,如果一笔交易没完成,那下一笔交易是无法完成的。

这是以太坊扩展有限的地方,交易要一笔一笔去执行,整个网络的处理能力取决于网络中最薄弱的一个节点。任何新加入网路的节点,都需要同步之前所有的运算。以太坊的节点同步缓慢,运算量大,全网的运算能力基本上已经到了瓶颈了。这大大限制了其可以执行的操作范围。在这种情况下,运行大的数据难以实现。

在和以太坊的虚拟机EVM对比之下,便能发现TBC独创BVM虚拟机的优势。EVM像是把区块链当做CPU来使用,而TBC相当于把区块链当做一个数据库和操作系统。TBC的运算并不在链上,只有个指令集,类似一段脚本代码或者一个数据库,它是以文件形式在链上储存。而且区块链本质也不是CPU,本质上是一个分布式的文件系统。当用户执行一个链上运算时,实际上只是在本地运行他需要的操作。

利用TBC这台超级计算机不需要担心合约以及任意兼容,也不需要过分担心容量和尺寸,数据和脚本在链上,而运算在链下。

关键的操作没有所有节点同步执行,大家或许会觉得这就没有办法保证运算有效。但在操作上,保证了执行流程在需要时可以随时被验证,并且结果上链时,可以保证执行结果在需要时是随时可以被验证。这样看,BVM的形式就相当于维护一个服务器,成本更低。所以说TBC智能合约的执行成本更低。

总体来看,TBC的智能合约运算成本更低,可承载的数据更大。TBC的一个区块容量可达到4GB,整体看来,通过BVM的方式实现智能合约,比EVM有显而易见的成本优势和性能优势。

2.2OP_PUSH_TX技术简介

TBC目前可以选择OP_PUSH_TX技术将交易上下游的数据纳入可编程的数据空间,实现局域的图灵完备能力,隔离的UTXO将使得不同的可编程空间能够并行的执行,实现高效的区块数据验证,降低每个交易的费用。

2.3数据膨胀->分层哈希

TBC通过原创的扁平式的分层哈希模型,解决数据在节点间传输或智能合约中的数据臃肿与膨胀问题,为上层建筑提供了坚实的地基。

3.经济模型

和BTC一样,TBC的代币也是由挖矿产生,TBC最大供应量上限为 21亿个,其中93.3%在分叉时天然存在并已经被锁定。另外的6.7%是挖矿产生。跟BTC一样,TBC的挖矿产量4年减半。预计4年后,TBC总流通量约为6500万枚。

TBC的区块间隔,约每10 分钟 ;难度调整算法:

FastDAA;挖矿算法:SHA-256(BTCBCH 兼容); 区块大小:初始上限 4G(其后根据情况进行动态扩容)

4.团队成员介绍

TBC早期开发者来自全球多个核心技术极客团队,他们在大区块和扩展解决方案方面拥有多年的研究经验,是UTXO智能合约和高性能计算领域的专家。

5. 社区发展情况

目前的矿工分布在香港、韩国等地。社区有近三万成员,主要市场为亚太地区。

6.项目发展大事记

2021 年 09 月, TBC 底层技术已被发明与公布,图灵完备的高性能 Layer1 智能合约Turing-Contract也很早就完成了设计与实验。

2022 年 03 月图灵完备的高性能Layer1智能合约Turing-Contract正式发布。

2023 年 12 月,TBC Alpha测试网上线。世界知名高性能计算中心的可扩展性解决方案得到验证。TuringContract 的执行速度超过13k TPS。

2024年2 月 14 日,TBC主网正式上线。

7.项目路线图:

第一阶段:(BTCfi 阶段)

TBC 旨在通过 BVM【比特币虚拟机】,释放比特币参与 Defi、NFT、RWA等生态应用的潜力。

第二阶段:(推动BVM兼容所有 UTXO链和原生比特币二层)

a:未来推动更多的 UTXO 链采用 BVM,如:Doge 的生态等。

b:通过成熟的去中心化跨链基础设施--TuringBrige协助 UTXO BVM 链未来与账户模型 EVM 链生态的融合。

第三阶段:(区块大小进入TB阶段,手续费趋近于0)

TBC 打破了现有区块链中大量用户导致高额费用的惯例。随着网络的发展,TBC将展现交易费用随着用户增加而降低的魅力助力BTC生态大爆发。

第四阶段(为未来WEB3世界打造最好用的底层公链)

由于 TBC 能够运行海量区块链应用并在链上验证数据,网络效应不断增强,TBC 将协助 BTC 引领下一代互联网,也将成为最好用的WEB3基础设施之一。

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