从「以太坊杀手」到合作伙伴:一文读懂 Solana 转型之路

coinvoicePublished on 2024-07-15Last updated on 2024-07-16

作者:Pavel Paramonov

编译:深潮 TechFlow

Solana 是导致以太坊 L2 rollups 混乱的原因。

在 2021 年的牛市中,我们见证了 L1 区块链争夺「以太坊杀手」称号的竞争。

然而,没有人赢得这场竞争。创始人们意识到,「如果你不能打败他们,那就加入他们。」

这种转变的原因是 Solana。

从 2022 年初到年底,大多数 L1 区块链的原生币价值损失超过了 90%。

所有区块链都在试图解决区块链三难困境,声称它们比以太坊更快、更安全。

然而,没有人真正赢得这场竞争,因为与巨头竞争是困难的。

想象一下,你白手起家,试图建立一个与 MetaMask 竞争的钱包。你可能拥有更好的用户体验 / 界面、更好的功能和更好的流程。

但大多数人仍然会选择 MetaMask,只是因为他们习惯了它。

Solana 成为了唯一一个用户关心的非 EVM 区块链。

你不能对其他非 EVM 区块链(如 NEARProtocol、Cardano、Algorand 或 @kadena_io)说同样的话。

2021 年的格局是这样的
 

这些链上的当前 TPS 在谈到真实用户时都不会超过 10。

Solana 也存在一些广为人知的问题:

  • 多次关闭
  • 与 SBF 和 FTX 的「联系」
  • okx 下架 Solana 上的 USDC 和 USDT
  • DeGods 桥接到以太坊
  • 还有很多

然而,它是唯一一个真正关心用户、技术和未来的团队。

@aeyakovenko 和团队成员收到了所有这些反馈,并能够解决所有问题,基本上只是继续前进克服困难。

Solana 并未赢得 L1 之战,而是探索了一条以前未曾涉足的不同路径,这要归功于 @0xMert_ 和 @SuperteamDAO 及其他核心贡献者。

  • 区块链无法在 L1 空间中竞争流动性,因此他们决定要从中受益而不是竞争。

既然可以直接从以太坊中受益,为什么还要与它竞争呢?

部署 L2 通常意味着受益于以太坊经济,同时拥有自己的经济。

如果你是一个 rollup,吸引流动性更容易,因为你建立在数亿 TVL 的原生链之上。

同时,创作者有能力创建自己的原生代币,在这个大生态系统中拥有自己的小经济。

此外,现在创建 rollup 比以往任何时候都容易:你有多种解决方案,@conduitxyz 、 @alt_layer ,当然还有 Optimism 的 OP Stack。

  • L2 上的流动性碎片混乱实际上是社会碎片。

每个 L2 都有自己的重点:

- Optimism 专注于可扩展性。 - Arbitrum 专注于 DeFi。 - Base 专注于 SocialFi。 - Metis 专注于 DAO。

这不好吗?当然不是!

每个 rollup 都是独特的,有机会拥有自己的身份,但有时,那些大声抱怨流动性碎片化的人恰恰是同一批人。

正如 @eawosikaa 在 ethCC 会议上所指出的,人们主要参加会外活动,因为他们更容易在那找到志同道合的人。

然而,我认为重要的是不仅仅把自己表现为一个 zksync 狂热者,还要对其他文化、想法和思想持开放态度。

我们在同一个沙盒(以太坊)中玩耍。

  • 在以太坊上,人们构建 rollup。在 Solana 上,人们构建应用。

如果我必须比较这两个生态系统的现状,我会描绘出这样的图景。

目前,以太坊和 Solana 之间没有真正的竞争,因为这些区块链只是服务于不同的目的。

以太坊已经成为一个大沙盒,孩子们(开发者)在里面建造沙堡(rollup)。

越来越多的开发者专注于将相同的 dapp 部署到多个 rollup 上。

我认为这可能会成为一个问题,因为一些开发者更专注于为应用带来流动性,而不是构建一个真正好的应用。

Solana 是同一个沙盒,但这里的沙堡是应用,目前它们更加美丽。

  • 没有比使用 @JupiterExchange 更好的交换体验。
  • 没有比 @phantom 更好的钱包体验。
  • 甚至有对非原生资产的本地流动性提供,如 @CloneProtocol
  • @jito_sol 能够在 Solana 上创建最佳的流动质押体验,包括 MEV 奖励,这是以前不可能的。

但事情并不那么简单。

  • Solana 的当前阶段类似于以太坊的前一阶段

人们开始迁移到 L2 并创建新 L2 的原因是原生链的限制。

一些人还记得 2021 年,当时你必须支付 200-300 美元的费用才能进行一次交换。

以太坊本身无法处理如此多的吞吐量,因此需要一个解决方案来增加吞吐量和降低费用,使网络可用。

Solana 能够处理它现在的活动,但 Solana 的架构中存在一些限制:

  • 区块领导者被机器人垃圾邮件轰炸,导致交易失败。
  • 失败的交易浪费计算单元和网络带宽。
  • 费用机制没有激励效率,也不具备激励兼容性。

要解决这些问题,你实际上不需要在 Solana 上创建 L2。

在我看来,在两种情况下在 Solana 上创建 L2 是合理的:

  1. 网络即使在所有调整之后也无法处理大量交易,或者它能够处理,但费用足够高。
  2. 创建一个应用链,以利用 Solana 的流动性,同时仍然能够在你的链中拥有你自己经济的一部分。

或许将来我们会在 Solana 上看到类似于当前以太坊的 L2 竞争。

在这里,没有绝对的赢家。最终,合作往往胜过竞争。

 


声明:本内容为作者独立观点,不代表 CoinVoice 立场,且不构成投资建议,请谨慎对待,如需报道或加入交流群,请联系微信:VOICE-V。

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