十问十答,破除Mt.Gox事件的谣言迷雾

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-06-25Last updated on 2024-06-25

Abstract

还款如何执行?价格以什么为准?抛压到底有多大?

原创 | Odaily星球日报

作者 | Azuma

十问十答,破除Mt.Gox事件的谣言迷雾

北京时间 6 月 24 日下午,一则关于“Mt.Gox 将启动 BTC 和 BCH 偿还”的快速引发了市场,出于对潜在抛压的担忧,本就疲软的加密货币市场进一步受挫,BTC 一度跌破 60000 美元关口,ETH 亦一度逼近 3200 美元。 

然而,关于 Mt.Gox 还款事件本身,市场之上仍存在着较大的迷惑甚至谣言,以至于多数读者尚不了解该事件的全貌,进而无法主动评估该事件对于市场的潜在影响。为了消除这些疑惑,Odaily 星球日报将结合市场资料以及对债权人(dForce 创始人 Mindao)的采访,以问答形式来厘清这些信息。 

  • Q1:这是 Mt.Gox 第一次进行债务偿还吗?

A1:不是,最早在 2023 年 12 月 21 日时,便已有多位日语区用户在社交媒体上发声称已通过 PayPal 收到了日元形式赔偿,其中还包括日本头部交易所 bitFlyer 的创始人加纳裕三。

结合当时 Mt. Gox 破产清算人小林信明的邮件通告可知,该部分赔偿资金来自于小林信明于 2023 年 11 月 17 日从破产信托中赎回的 70 亿日元。

  • Q2:为何本次的还款如此特殊?

A2 :因为这是 Mt.Gox 第一次以 BTC、BCH 形式进行还款,意味着 Mt.Gox 所持有的 141686 枚 BTC(还有数量基本相同的 BCH)将开始流向市场。

这些 BTC 占比特币流通总供应量的 0.72% ,价值约合 85.4 亿美元。

  • Q3:还款何时进行 —— 抛压何时到来?

A3:根据小林信明的最新邮件通告,还款将于 2024 年 7 月开始。

十问十答,破除Mt.Gox事件的谣言迷雾

  • Q4:最关键的问题,还款的细则是什么?

A4:债权人 Mindao 表示,Mt.Gox 会按照破产之时的 BTC 价格来计算每个债权人(仅限选择了以“实物”形式接收还款的债权人群体,因为部分债权人已选择了接受法币还款)的债权占比,然后将依照占比情况把所持有的 BTC 分配给不同的债权人。

考虑到当年 Mt.Gox 合计一共丢了约 65 万个 BTC,当前仍持有 14 万个 BTC,这意味着 BTC 币本位的回收率约为 21.5% 。简单来说,就是如果你当年在 Mt.Gox 持有 100 个 BTC,现在只能收回大约 21.5 个 BTC,币本位无疑是暴跌,但考虑到 BTC 近些年来上百倍的涨幅,法币本位则是血赚(等于被动锁仓了)。 

Odaily 注:关于 Mt.Gox 被黑事件的具体损失,起初该交易所声明表示丢失了 85 万个 BTC(75 万属于客户, 10 万属于平台),但之后 Mt.Gox 曾表示在系统上找到曾被认为已失窃的 202185 个比特币,因此损失应为 65 万 BTC。 

  • Q5 :为什么一定要按照当年的 BTC 价格来计算债权比例?

A5:本质上是因为“资不抵债”,Mt.Gox 现如今所持有的 BTC 数额无法覆盖其币本位的负债,不可能 1: 1 实物偿还,这就决定了 Mt.Gox 必须去找一个价格来计算债权占比,进而分配当前持仓。具体价格则取决于日本法院在审议该起破产案件时所作出的裁定。

Mindao 也补充表示,当时 Mt.Gox 交易所内用户所持有的并不仅仅有 BTC,还有法币资产,所以 Mt.Gox 必须得选择某一个币种作为基础来进行计算 —— 实际上 Mt.Gox 采用的是日元价格作为基准。 

  • Q6:当年的 BTC 价格到底是多少?以什么为准?

A6 :东京地方法院此前已就 Mt.Gox 破产一案作出清算裁定,根据日本破产法规,Mt.Gox 的 BTC 债权价值将以 2014 年 4 月该公司破产之时的价格计算 —— 每个 BTC 的债权价值固定为 50058.12 日元(当前汇率约合 314 美元)。

不过,该价格将仅用于计算债权人的债权占比,并不意味着债权人所持有的每个 BTC 只能收到 50058.12 日元。实际上按照债权占比形式还款,债权人每 BTC 可收到的最终金额要远大于这一数字。

Mindao 补充表示, 2014 年初 Mt.Gox 破产前,Mt.Gox 站内 BTC 最低一度跌至 150 美元,而当时市场价格约为 300 美元左右,这意味着当年在 Mt.Gox 站内抄底 BTC 的用户可以获得最大的赔偿“收益”。

  • Q7 :债权人如何收到还款?

A7 :今年年初债权人已登记了收款地址,之后会通过 Kraken、Bitstamp、Bitgo 等交易所收款。

  • Q8:Mt.Gox 的持仓地址是什么?如何检测流动?

Q8: 5 月 28 日的最后一次归集后,目前 Mt.Gox 所持有的 BTC 主要存放在三个地址内,每个地址均持有 47230 个 BTC。具体地址如下:

1AsHPP7WcGnDLzxW2bUa2FcbJP3eZVEqpx;

16eAGJEjqsUqngMfcysQECvp7TMU37P9gX;

1HeHLv7ZRFxWUVjuWkWT2D5XFbXXvHoV68;

建议利用 Arkham 所提供的 Mt.Gox 钱包界面进行监测。

  • Q9:收到还款的群体都有哪些?多年来债权结构有什么变化吗?

A9 :有变化,Mt.Gox 黑客事件已发生多年,相关债权也已在市场上流通许久,大量原始债权人出于尽早变现的需求,已将其债权交易给专业从事破产理赔事务的机构。 

Galaxy 研究主管 Alex 预测,大概有 2 万个 BTC 债权已被破产基金收购,此外还有 1 万个债权属于交易所 Bitcoinica BK 所有。

  • Q10 :如何评估潜在抛压?

A10 :取决于债权主体收到还款之后的出售预期。

Mindao 就此预测表示,这个事情毕竟已经十年了,债权人也都是最早期币圈参与者(钻石手),而且很多债权期间也易手,因此心理影响可能比实际影响更大。

Alex 给出了类似的预测。多年来积极收购 Mt.Gox 的机构绝大多数都是高净值的比特币持有者,他们更希望以折扣价积累仓位,而非通过快速交易进行套利。

Alex 补充预测,考虑到 BCH 市场的流动性更差,且债权人对于 BCH 的信仰显然低于 BTC,预计 BCH 在 Mt.Gox 还款之后的表现也会相对较差。

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