以太坊赢得SEC调查阶段性胜利,美国监管风向或改变

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-06-21Last updated on 2024-06-21

Abstract

继以太坊 ETF 获批后,SEC 的 Ethereum 2.0 调查终于告一段落,以太坊再次赢得了公众视野里阶段性的胜利。

原文作者:Mia,ChainCatcher

原文编辑:Marco,ChainCatcher

继以太坊 ETF 获批后,以太坊再次赢得了公众视野里阶段性的胜利。

6 月 19 日,以太坊基础设施开发公司 Consensys 在社交媒体发文称:「我们很高兴地宣布以太坊开发者、技术提供商和行业参与者取得了一项重大胜利:美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的执法部门通知我们,它正在结束对 Ethereum 2.0 的调查。这意味着 SEC 不会提出指控称 ETH 的销售是证券交易。」

这场为期 14 个月的调查终于告一段落,赢得了一个满意的进展。

SEC 调查始末

据知情人士披露,这场调查始于 2022 年 9 月 ETH 转 POS 不久后。

当 ETH 区块链转向「权益证明」,以太坊摆脱了比特币使用的能源密集型模型,转而采用依赖于可信验证者网络的模型,并为 SEC 提供了一个新的借口来尝试将以太坊定义为一种证券。

对此,ConsenSys 发言人表示:「看一下 Hinman 主任在 2018 年的讲话就会明白,当时他说以太坊不是证券,他并没有把 PoW 或 PoS 作为依据,共识机制无关紧要。」

早在 2018 年,时任 SEC 金融部主任的 William Hinman 就曾发表过重要讲话,明确表示以太坊不被视为证券。现任 SEC 主席 Gary Gensler,在担任 SEC 主席之前,也曾在国会作证时表示 ETH 不是证券。

突如其来的调查无疑引发了公众争议,将 SEC 推上风口浪尖。

各大加密领袖人物开始公开抨击 SEC。

Coinbase 首席法务官 paulgrewal.eth 曾在社交媒体上发文表示,数百万美国人持有 ETH,自 2015 年推出以来,ETH 一直对加密货币领域至关重要,ETH 是一种商品,而不是一种证券,这也是美国证券交易委员会多年来一直采取的立场,SEC 没有充分的理由拒绝 ETH ETF 申请。

ETH ETF 获批的前提本就是 ETH 作为商品的假设,而随着今年 5 月 ETH ETF 的申请通过,ETH 的商品属性再次得到证明,也意味着该机构将结束对以太坊 2.0 的调查,这也使得这场调查显得更加「无厘头」。

SEC 似乎也意识到了这点,最终放弃调查。

SEC 走向温和

自 Gary Gensler 上任以来, SEC 似乎一直被视为「加密世界的公敌」。

每当 SEC 对某些项目或知名人士进行调查或采取行动时,市场往往会因此出现波动,甚至导致一轮行情下跌。

从 2021 年 4 月担任 SEC 主席至今,Gary Gensler 任期已过大半。在其任期内,Gary Gensler 主导了针对多家知名加密企业的案件,包括币安、Coinbase、Kraken 以及 FTX 等。这些案件涉及的问题包括市场操纵、未经注册的证券发行、违反反洗钱法规等。这些行动使得加密企业感受到了前所未有的监管压力,同时也引发了业内对于监管尺度和范围的讨论。

随着时间的推移,加密用户似乎也开始免疫,而 SEC 对于加密的态度似乎在加密行业的软磨硬泡中走向了温和化。

面对争议和质疑,Gary Gensler 和 SEC 也在努力调整自己的监管策略和言论。他们开始更加关注与加密行业的沟通和合作,试图找到一种既能保护投资者权益又能促进市场发展的监管方式。

在「整顿」加密行业的同时,SEC 一直在致力于加密金融与传统金融的融合。

今年 1 月,比特币现货 ETF 上市;5 月,SEC 也批准以太坊现货 ETF 的 19 b-4 文件,这两件事促进加密行业和主流金融的融合。

对于近期 SEC 在加密领域的温和举措,香港区块链律师吴文谦认为「SEC 监管态度似乎出现了风向转变的苗头」。

吴律师表示,「上月 SEC 正式通过以太坊现货 ETF 的 19 b-4 文件的决定,尽管在法律上 ETH 是否属于证券仍存在一定争议,但这一举措无疑为加密货币行业带来了一丝暖意。这一撤销调查的决定,虽然在法律上对于监管的透明度和一致性可能不具有直接的指导意义,但它无疑被视为监管方向可能发生转变的一个重要信号。

考虑到今年美国大选将至,政策方向的确有可能出现重大转变。在这样一个背景下,SEC 对加密货币的监管态度调整,或许预示着未来更加开放和包容的监管环境。对于加密货币行业来说,这无疑是一个值得期待的积极信号。」

6 月 20 日,福布斯商业记者 Eleanor Terrett 透露,Consensys 创始人 Joseph Lubin 表示,公司仍计划继续推进诉讼,「美国证券交易委员会决定结束对以太坊为期 14 个月的调查是一个受欢迎的进展——这是必要的,但还不够。必须有比突袭更好的市场监管方式。我们希望一些美国监管机构对加密货币的对抗情绪开始减弱,并且国家投资者保护策略将从当前的游击战术中演变出来。在此之前,我们将在德克萨斯州继续对美国证券交易委员会的诉讼,因为我们致力于为所有人争取更多的法律明确性。」

面对野蛮生长的原始加密社会,相应的监管和调整无疑是必经之路。

正如 Lubin 所言,只有通过法律手段明确界定监管范围和尺度,才能真正促进加密行业的健康发展,同时保护投资者的合法权益,而监管机构与加密行业应该找到更好的市场监管方式,而不是突击检查。

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