投资L2 vs 投资ETH:哪个拥有更光明的未来?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-06-19Last updated on 2024-06-19

Abstract

随着更多L2项目的上市,L2代币的FDV可能会继续受到压力和稀释。

原文作者:James Ho

原文编译:深潮 TechFlow

投资 L2 vs ETH

过去几年里,以太坊上的 Layer 2 (L2)解决方案取得了显著进展。目前,以太坊L2的总锁仓量(TVL)超过 400 亿美元,而一年前这一数字仅为 100 亿美元。在 @l2 beat 上,你会发现超过 50 个L2项目,但前 5-10 个项目占据了 90% 以上的 TVL。

EIP-4844 提案实施后,交易费用大幅降低,在 Base、Arbitrum 等平台上的交易费用甚至低于 0.01 美元。

投资L2 vs 投资ETH:哪个拥有更光明的未来?

尽管L2在技术和使用量上取得了巨大进展,但作为流动性投资,L2代币的表现总体上较差(尽管作为风险投资,它们表现出色)。你可以找到许多关于L2代币相对于 ETH 表现不好的笑话和段子。

我们回顾了主要L2相对于 ETH 的估值情况。一个显著的观察是:尽管上市的L2数量增加了,但它们的总完全稀释估值(FDV)占 ETH 的比例保持不变。

两年前,唯一上市的L2是 Optimism 和 Polygon,它们的 FDV 占 ETH 的 8% 。今天,我们有了 Arbitrum、Starkware、zkSync 等L2项目,它们的 FDV 占 ETH 的 9% 。

投资L2 vs 投资ETH:哪个拥有更光明的未来?

每一个新的L2代币上市,实际上都在稀释之前上市的L2代币的估值。

投资L2 vs 投资ETH:哪个拥有更光明的未来?

投资于L2代币的结果是相对于 ETH 的显著表现不佳。过去 12 个月的回报率如下:

  • ETH:+ 105% 

  • OP:+ 77% 

  • MATIC:-3% 

  • ARB:-12% 

长期以来,主要的L2代币的 FDV 大约为 100 亿美元。在某种程度上,这是相当随意的,市场参与者并没有强有力的理由解释为什么是 10 亿美元而不是 20 亿美元或 3 亿美元。最终,由于需求流动性和/或大量解锁,存在显著的供应压力。

上述L2每月产生 2000 万至 3000 万美元的费用。自 EIP-4844 实施以来,费用下降到每月 300 万至 400 万美元,年化费用约为 4000 万至 5000 万美元。

投资L2 vs 投资ETH:哪个拥有更光明的未来?

包括:ptimism, arbitrum, polygon, starkware, zksync

目前,主要的L2代币的总 FDV 约为 400 亿美元,年化费用为 4000 万美元,估值倍数约为 1000 倍。

这与大型 DeFi 协议形成鲜明对比,后者的估值倍数通常在 15-60 倍之间(基于上个月的年化费用):

  • DYDX: 60 倍

  • SNX: 50 倍

  • PENDLE: 50 倍

  • LDO: 40 倍

  • AAVE: 20 倍

  • MKR: 15 倍

  • GMX: 15 倍

随着更多L2项目的上市,L2代币的 FDV 可能会继续受到压力和稀释。市场上供应过多,流动市场难以轻松支撑。

结束语

  • 从长远来看,L2可能会产生可观的费用收入。L2每年产生 1.5 亿美元的费用(包括 Base、Blast、Scroll),随着L2活动的增加,这一数字可能会显著增长。

  • 上述内容并非针对特定L2项目,而是对整个类别的广泛观察。以约 400 亿美元 FDV 和约 4000 万美元费用(1000 倍)购买一篮子L2代币,并期望其长期表现优于 ETH,似乎是困难的。

  • 显然,L2、高吞吐量链(如 Solana、Sui、Aptos 等)之间的区块空间并不短缺。限制因素在于使用这些区块空间的应用。我希望未来更多的关注点放在应用层,并且流动市场在未来几年内会奖励应用层而非基础设施层。

  • 在上一个周期,项目大幅提前上市的情况更为普遍。MATIC 在流动市场上以低于 5000 万美元的 FDV 上市,现在已经超过 50 亿美元,增长了 100 倍以上。然而,最近 $OP$ARB$STRK$ZK 和其他大多数最终可能上市的 L2 代币的情况并非如此。

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