解读Pectra:以太坊的下一次升级

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-06-18Last updated on 2024-06-18

Abstract

Pectra 是以太坊的下一个重大升级,它将比 Dencun 更重要。

原文作者:William M. Peaster,Bankless

原文编译:邓通,金色财经

以太坊一直在向前迈进。

2024 年 3 月,该网络推出了 Dencun 升级。Dencun 是「Deneb」和「Cancun」融合,旨在大幅削减 L2 交易成本。

接下来会发生什么?Pectra 是以太坊的下一个重大升级,它将比 Dencun 更重要。

Pectra 计划于 2024 年第四季度或 2025 年第一季度推出,它结合了两个之前计划的升级:Prague(用于执行层)和 Electra(用于共识层)。通过合并,Pectra 旨在为以太坊带来多项雄心勃勃的改进,使其比以往任何时候都更加灵活和优化。

Pectra 包含什么?

解读Pectra:以太坊的下一次升级

Pectra 不仅仅是一个小小的升级,它充满了更新。

以太坊改进提案 (EIP) 是对以太坊的拟议修改。它们确保网络变更得到透明的讨论和同意,并让社区和核心开发人员参与其中。

对于 Pectra 升级,目前计划纳入 9 个标准 EIP 和一个由另外 11 个组成 EIP 组成的元 EIP。

解读Pectra:以太坊的下一次升级

这些 EIP 包括对账户抽象、验证器操作和整体网络性能的增强。其中一些最值得注意的新增功能如下。

  • EIP-2537 — 引入了 BLS 12-381 曲线操作的预编译,使 BLS 签名操作更快、更便宜,从而提高了以太坊验证者的可访问性和性能,并降低了 gas 成本。

  • EIP-2935 — 实现将先前块的哈希值保存在特殊存储槽中,以提高在无状态执行之前验证以太坊数据的效率和可靠性。

  • EIP-7002 — 允许验证者通过其执行层提款凭证触发退出和部分提款,从而为再质押和质押池提供更灵活的选择。

  • EIP-7251 — 将以太坊验证者的最大有效余额从 32 ETH 增加到 2048 ETH,减少所需的验证者总数并简化网络的计算负载。

  • EIP-7594 — 引入对等数据可用性采样 (PeerDAS),以进一步优化 L2,增强交易处理和可扩展性。

  • EIP-7702 — 添加一种新的交易类型,可在一次交易期间设置 EOA(外部拥有账户)的代码,使普通钱包可以暂时转换为智能合约钱包,以改善用户体验。

  • EIP-7692 — 由 11 个组成 EIP 组成的元 EIP,旨在增强 EVM 对象格式 (EOF),以提高合约部署和执行效率。

全新改进的以太坊

后 Pectra 时代,以太坊将满足更广泛的用例和用户需求。

常规以太坊账户将更具可编程性,L2 将更实惠,智能合约将更高效,验证器将更灵活地管理!

借助这些增强功能,以太坊将能够更好地应对日益增长的采用,与其他网络集成,并引入新功能,使平台始终处于链上创新的最前沿。

Pectra 之后会发生什么?

解读Pectra:以太坊的下一次升级

虽然目前一切都还没有定论,但以太坊社区正在关注在 Pectra 之后的 Osaka 升级中实现 Verkle 树。

「我真的很期待 Verkle 树,」Vitalik 今年早些时候表示。「它们将启用无状态验证器客户端,这可以让质押节点在几乎为零的硬盘空间下运行并几乎立即同步——更好的单独质押用户体验。」

话虽如此,以太坊的下一次升级都将显著提高该链对用户和开发人员的可用性。以太坊不可能在一天之内建成,但在构建以太坊正在实现的面向未来的一切网络方面,稳扎稳打才是王道。

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