详解「孙哥套利法」:3.3万枚ETH买入PT代币,享受近20%报酬率

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-06-06Last updated on 2024-06-06

Abstract

低风险高收益,「撸毛」还得跟着 Justin Sun 学。

原文作者:DaFi Weaver,动区动趋 BlockTempo

4 日波场创办人孙哥(Justin Sun)大手笔购买 Pendle PT 代币,享受低风险近 20 % 年化报酬率的套利操作,成为社群关注焦点。本文将解释这波操作的利益从何而来,并探讨相关风险,同时提供风险规避策略,供读者参考。

孙哥套利法

首先,据链上分析师余烬及 Ai 姨监测链上地址指出,孙哥这两天的操作如下(下图是孙哥在 Pendle 的部位):

总投入 3, 3000 枚 ETH,皆投资于 6 月 27 日到期的以太坊再质押项目,分别为:

  • Ether.fi: 20, 000 ETH 买入 20, 208.93 PT-weETH;

  • Puffer: 10, 000 ETH 买入 10, 114.11 PT-pufETH;

  • Kelp: 3, 000 ETH 买入 3, 025.91 PT-rsETH

详解「孙哥套利法」:3.3万枚ETH买入PT代币,享受近20%报酬率

孙哥在 Pendle 的部位|Source : Ai 姨

以 Ether.fi 为例,这意味著孙哥若持有至到期,可赎回价值 20, 208.93 ETH 等值的 weETH(注意:这不等同于 20, 208.93 枚 weETH,weETH 与 ETH 的兑换率并非 1: 1 ,如下图),而 weETH 可兑换为多少 ETH 取决于市场状况。这里为简单计算,假设 weETH 与 ETH 的兑换率是 1: 1 ,因此孙哥若持有至到期,可在 22 天内赚到 1% 的报酬率,即年化 17.33 %。

以此类推,Puffer 投资的年化报酬率为 18.93% ;Kelp 的为 14.33% 。总投资年化报酬率高达 17.54% 。

Pendle 中文社区大使 ViNc 就形容道,Pendle 的 PT 就形同链上的短债,能享受流动性好、赎回时接近现金值(如果以 ETH 本位看)、时长短、风险报酬比优良的特性。所以,PT 的收益是从何而来呢?这就需要理解 Pendle 协议的基本运作。

详解「孙哥套利法」:3.3万枚ETH买入PT代币,享受近20%报酬率

weETH 与 ETH 的兑换率并非 1: 1 |Source : 1inch PT 收益来源

Pendle 是一个无需许可的收益交易(yield-trading)协议,通过将生息代币(yield-bearing tokens)包装成标准化生息代币(SY, standardized yield tokens,例如 weETH → SY-weETH,这封装版本是为了能与 Pendle AMM 兼容),并将 SY 拆分为 PT(principal token, 本金代币)和 YT(yield token, 收益代币)两个部份。

PT 代表生息代币到期日前的本金部份,而在此期间获得收益的权利由 YT 表示并出售给其他买家。由于 YT 的货币价值被分离,所以本金部份(即 PT)可以以更低的价格出售。

详解「孙哥套利法」:3.3万枚ETH买入PT代币,享受近20%报酬率

Pendle 主要有三种参与方式:

  • 购买 PT:PT 让持有者可以在到期后赎回标的资产,并可以随时出售。例如期初以 0.9 ETH 购买的 1 PT-weETH 可以在到期日后赎回价值 1 ETH 等值的 weETH。0.9 ETH → 1.0 ETH 之间 11% 的增值就是 Pendle 的固定收益(Fixed Yield)策略。而这就是孙哥采取的策略。

  • 购买 YT:让持有者获得标的资产在到期日前产生的所有收益与空投积分,同样可以随时出售。例如持有 1 YT-weETH 意味著有权力领取 1 weETH 直至到期日产生的所有收益与积分。

  • 当流动性提供者(LP):LP 的收益包含:PT 收益 + SY 收益 + ($PENDLE 排放 + 池子交易手续费)。

规避价格风险方法:借币与做空

在亮眼报酬率下,使用 Pendle 的风险主要是智能合约风险、操作上的人为风险,以及价格风险(以 U 本位而言。若以币本位来看,购买 PT 的策略是稳赚的)。

为进一步规避价格风险,亦即价格「下跌」产生的损失,可以试著在交易所开做空合约作为应对,但这需要考量爆仓风险与资金费率,顺利的话可以固定收益,举例如下:

在 3, 800 美元进场买入 1 ETH,在 Ether.fi 6 月 27 日到期的市场上可以换到 1.01 PT eETH,亦即到期后可以得到约 0.01 ETH 的净利。

但为了规避 ETH 价格的下跌,因此在交易所开 1 ETH 价值的空单,在到期后同时将空单与 1 ETH 平仓及卖出,如此一来,除了能取回 3, 800 美元的成本外,也收穫了 0.01 ETH 的稳定收益。

另一个方法是,引用自 Alvin 的保本策略(该策略在近期获 Pendle 官方转发),可以试图借钱买 PT,以同样的例子为例,作法如下:

1.在 CEX / DEX 借出 1 颗 ETH

2.将借来的 ETH 拿去买 1.01 PT eETH

3.到期后赎回价值 1.01 ETH 等值的 eETH,并偿还 1 ETH

4.剩下的 ETH 就是稳定收益,估计约是 0.01 ETH,如上述说明,这取决于 eETH 与 ETH 的市场状况。

该策略需要考虑该稳定收益是否能超过借款成本,否则还是可能亏损。

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