如何看待OP Stack的可定制化Gas Token?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-06-03Last updated on 2024-06-03

Abstract

Gas Token是支撑起Layer2独立经济体的关键。

原文作者:Haotian

最近关于 layer 2 未来趋势的讨论比较多,大方向 @VitalikButerin 已经定调了:一个以 layer 2-Centric 为重心的多元化生态系统(潜台词:layer 2 孩子们得自我拼搏了,以太坊奶爸已经带不动了),而 Gas Token 正是支撑起 layer 2 独立经济体的关键。接下来,简单说说看法:

1)以 ETH 代币为 layer 2 二层的 Gas Token 和依赖以太坊主网 DA 能力等一度被视为 laye 2 是否具有「正统性」的关键,如今专属 DA 领地已经被攻破,Gas Token 的地位也出现动摇了。layer 2 正脱离原先附属于以太坊主网的预设扩展路线,成为更加自主、灵活且更像「独立公链」的路线。

DA 功能性脱离是因为 OP Stack 提供了「一键发链」的基础,很多偏好低成本的开发者会选择以太坊之外的 DA 组件服务;Gas Token 脱离则是因为以太坊 layer 2 生态经济体陷入了「增长乏力」的窘境,需要原生 Token 的筑底激励。

2)最先以 layer 2 原生代币为 Gas Token 的是 @Metis L2,作为一个以太坊新锐 layer 2 项目,Metis 一直都不走寻常路,比如,搞去中心化 Sequencer、做混合 Rollup、以 $METIS 为原生 Gas Token 等。现在回过头来看,Metis 这些路似乎正逐渐趋向「寻常」起来。

事实上,从目前 Metis 主网 TVL、交易费、DApp 应用部署等数据情况来看,当去中心化 Sequencer 上线,LSD Staking 挖矿机制上线,LRT 再质押平台涌现,Metis 的原生 DeFi 经济体就表现出很强的增长后劲。

显然,和 Metis 已经践行的路线别无二致,OP Stack 推出可定制化 Gas Token 目标也正是基于自主 Token 来激励生态,比如:补贴平台应用的交易运维成本,补贴用户的交易费用、捐赠或给 Grant 来激励开发者布局生态等等。这些都是自主的 Gas Token 会有的优势。

3)很多人担心,layer 2 都使用各自的 Gas Token,ETH 的应用场景就少了,layer 2 对以太坊主网的「赋能」价值就少了,其实,这种顾虑大可不必。

因为,只要 layer 2 要 batch 交易到主网,就要以 ETH 作为结算代币。只有 layer 2 自身的经济系统被盘活之后,大量的 Batch 交易和结算行为产生,以太坊主网才能真正受益,而并非简单的让 $ETH 作为 Gas Token 在 layer 2 消耗掉为目标,做大用户基数和交易量,靠自身的 Gas Burn 销毁来岂不更有效?

换个角度看,让原生 ETH 流入 layer 2 来流通,需要走跨链桥,用户得到也只是一个 Wrapped 版本的 ETH,这时的 ETH 很难被作为绝对信誉资产为 layer 2 的借贷等 DeFi 协议产生价值,毕竟多了一层跨链强信任成本,用户显然更偏好在主网进行这类 DeFi 交互。

而如果以 layer 2 的自身的 Gas Token 为主要流通介质就未必了,像 Metis 一般,给去中心化 Sequencer 激励,给 DeFi 项目额外补贴,让 Seuquencer 的挖矿和 DeFi 产生飞轮效应等等。无论怎么看,做独立 layer 2 的 Gas Token 似乎成了盘活 layer 2 生态系统的必然选择。

4)以太坊自坎昆升级后,Rollup layer 2 们能得到以太坊主网奶爸的扶持就已经「到位」了。一方面,坎昆升级后的 DA 成本确实下降了很多,Blob 空间的使用负载和费率目前都还在可控范围内,甚至潜能还没挖掘到最大;另一方面,以太坊分片升级对 Rollup 带来的增益效果会很弱,更远期 ZK-SNARKs 和以太坊 DAS 以及轻客户端等也很难直接利好 layer 2 。

layer 2 不可能再通过主网升级预期来给自己加增长预期 Buff 了。layer 2 们到了背水一战,争取一切有利条件自主、灵活、多元发展的转折时刻了。

在我看来,这才是 Vitalik 探讨 layer 2 多元化系统的真正目的,未来的以太坊 layer 2 只有走出功能和商业模式差异化,探索出一条自驱动的增长生态系统,才能真正不掉队成为以太坊大生态的一部分。单纯靠吸血主网和短暂的治理代币激励刺激,而本身无任何内核增长驱动力的 layer 2 发展路线注定难以为继。

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