如何看待ZKM进军BTC L2赛道?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-05-08Last updated on 2024-05-08

Abstract

BTC L2方面的探索会持续下去,在原生L2方面和EVM兼容L2方面都会持续。

原文作者:蓝狐笔记

看到 ZKM 也进入 BTC L2 赛道,这条赛道会跟以太坊 L2 一样,会变得越来越拥挤,最终市场格局还须等待技术和市场演化的结果。

ZKM 底层技术是 zkVM ,它的最终目标是试图让其 zkVM 技术被更多项目和生态所采用,从而成为底层基础设施。比如可以连接不同生态网络(以太坊、比特币、 Comos 等)的资产,形成更好的流动性。在这个大框架下可以更好地理解 ZKM 为什么要进入的 BTC L2 赛道。

回到技术解决方案, ZKM 核心技术主要两个方面:「 Entangled Rollup 架构 + zkVM 」。这两个方面主要解决市场上两大关注的问题:一是,如何保证资产的安全;二是,如何实现自身网络的可持续性。

目前市场很关注跨链的安全性问题, ZKM 推出「 Entangled Rollup Network (纠缠汇总网络)」机制,试图通过递归的零知识证明技术,来同步区块链间的状态,不依赖于传统的桥的机制来实现资产跨链。这个框架之前在以太坊上实现落地,也就是 Metis 的 Optimistic Rollup 机制。目前 ZKM 试图将这一思路和框架应用过来,同时根据比特币 L1 自身的特性进行改造,从而推出其 BTC L2 。当然, BTC 不支持智能合约,要实现 L2 ,挑战要大很多。 ZKM 试图通过 Entangled Rollup 将状态汇总到 ZKM 网络,然后将验证的状态传递给其他生态系统。 BTC 的资产安全采用本地可控的模式,比如 BTC 由多签脚本控制,只要至少有一个诚实方存在,作恶者就无法取走质押存入的 BTC ;而在 L2 方面,则采用去中心化排序器,交易的包含和最终性都以去中心化的方式来完成, L2 的交易批次的执行也计划通过 BTC 脚本进行验证。

ZKM 引入 OCP 机制( Optimistic Challe n ge Process ),部分类似于以太坊 L2 乐观证明的 BTC L2 版本。大概机制是,当用户将资产存入到 L2 ( ZKM )时,资产会被锁定到预签名的 n - of - n 的多重签名脚本中,签名者一般是独立第三方 / 审计方。多重签名的兑换脚本在指定的挑战期后激活,签名者提前向目标用户发送资产,启动挑战阶段。在挑战阶段,签名者预先签署包含挑战脚本和资产脚本的交易。要发起挑战脚本,挑战可以通过支付输入 UTXO 来启动,要求运营者尝试通过向资产脚本提供中间计算跟踪来打开其承诺。如果承诺无法成功开启,则验证者将在挑战期结束后收到所有资产,或者将挑战资产给到签名者。执行跟踪则通过 Tap Tree 来提交,其中 Tree 的每个叶子代表一个中间值。每个中间值都是使用一次性签名计算,前值作为其输入。使用这种方法, BTC 脚本直接执行此计算并完成链上资产验证。也就是说, ZKM 试图通过 OCP 机制为链下计算提供安全性,确保 L2 交易包含在去中心化的排序器网络中。

zkVM 一直是加密领域重要的基础探索之一, ZKM 的 zkVM 是其中的一个类型。跟 RSIC 和 SP 1 不同的区别之一是 ZKM 提供对 Golang 的原生支持。( RSIC 和 SP 1 支持 Rust ) ZKM 允许 Golang 开发者使用 Vanilla Golang 编译器将其代码编译为 MIPS 指令,之后使用 ZKM 的证明网络证明其执行。同时,未来 ZKM 也计划支持 Rust 。

市场除了关注 BTC 链上资产的安全性,还关注 ZKM L2 本身如何实现可持续性。要想要实现可持续,需要参与网络的各参与方有机会获得持续的收入。 ZKM 的 BTC L2 中,引入去中心化排序器的概念,这些排序器节点根据贡献获得奖励的收入。 ZKM 计划将其 40% 代币奖励给挖矿参与者(包括参与排序器节点、流动性质押、证明网络挖矿)。也就是说,排序器节点除了从 L2 的交易中获得 gas 费用之外,还可以从挖矿中获得收益。

按照目前的趋势, BTC L 2 方面的探索会持续下去,在原生 L 2 方面和 EVM 兼容 L 2 方面都会持续,原生 L 2 方面在于内部生态张力的探索,由于其原生性有一大批忠实拥趸;而在 EVM 兼容 L 2 方面,不仅在于扩展 BTC 生态,也在于为更多生态的融合提供一个探索方向。

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