比特币Layer2大盘点(下):Roullp与Taproot Consensus

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-04-13Last updated on 2024-04-13

Abstract

比特币Layer2哪家强?

原文作者:Day,白话区块链

上篇文章中,我们介绍了比特币 Layer 2 中的比特币侧链 UTXO+ 客户端验证,今天我们来介绍剩下的 2 个,RoullpTaproot Consensus

01 Roullp

Roullp 本来是以太坊上的 Layer 2 扩展性解决方案,用于提高区块链网络的性能和吞吐量,Roullp 通过将大部分交易数据和计算迁移到链外,在链上只记录交易的摘要或汇总信息,从而减轻了主链的负担,提高了整体性能。Roullp 的核心思想是将链上的安全性与链下的高效性相结合。

在比特币上实现 Roullp 方案存在一些挑战和限制。比特币本身并不支持智能合约验证,因此在比特币上引入 Roullp 方案需要采取其他方式进行验证,例如引入客户端验证或自建 DA 层。这导致比特币 Layer 2 项目的安全性高度依赖于客户端验证或自建的 DA 层,而不是比特币的本身安全性。

比特币Layer2大盘点(下):Roullp与Taproot Consensus

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此外,比特币的原生性与 Roullp 方案的本质并不匹配因为 Roullp 方案主要来自于以太坊的二层解决方案,并针对以太坊的特性进行设计。比特币只充当了一个存证的角色,不参与验证过程,因此在原生性上与 Roullp 方案有一定的差异。

另外,Roullp 方案在比特币 Layer 2 的去中心化程度方面也存在挑战。其中涉及到资产管理和二层账本的去中心化。目前大部分以太坊的排序器节点是中心化的,由 Layer 2 项目方自己运行,这也使得比特币 Layer 2 项目在去中心化方面面临一些问题。

尽管在比特币上实现 Roullp 方案在技术上是可行的,但它面临着比特币的原生性、去中心化程度和安全性等方面的挑战。目前市场上的 BTC Layer 2 项目也存在不同程度的缺陷和限制,因此对于这类项目的发展和广泛采用仍需要进一步的发展和验证。接下来讲讲其中一些代表项目:

  • Merlin Chain

比特币Layer2大盘点(下):Roullp与Taproot Consensus

Merlin Chain 是一个整合了 ZK Rollup 网络、去中心化预言机和链上 BTC 防欺诈模块的比特币 Layer 2 解决方案。Merlin Chain 的目标是提高比特币交易的效率和可扩展性,使比特币生态系统更加活跃。Merlin Chain 采用了 ZK-Rollup 技术,将大量交易证明进行压缩,以提高交易效率和可扩展性。

在 Merlin Chain 上,排序器节点负责收集和批处理交易,并生成压缩后的交易数据、ZK 状态根和 zkEVM 证明。然后,压缩后的交易数据和 ZK 证明通过去中心化的 Oracle 网络上传到比特币的 Layer 1 层上的 Taproot。Taproot 作为一个公共资源可供整个网络使用,以确保透明度和安全性。

Merlin Chain 虽然被大家诟病技术弱,但从生态和社区活跃度以及落地程度等多个方面来看,Merlin chain 都是热度最高的 BTC Layer 2 ,目前锁仓资金量在 35 亿美金以上。

  • B² Network

比特币Layer2大盘点(下):Roullp与Taproot Consensus

B² Network 利用了零知识证明和 ZK Rollup 的技术来提高比特币网络的性能和扩展性,并兼容以太坊的智能合约功能。该方案将交易数据和验证证明记录在比特币主网上,并通过一个挑战 - 响应机制来确保数据的正确性。

B² Network 的架构包括两个主要部分:Rollup 层和 DA 层。在 Rollup 层,用户的交易和相关的验证证明被处理和记录,用户的状态也在这一层进行存储。然后,这些交易和验证证明被传输到 DA 层进行存储和验证。

DA 层包括去中心化存储、B²节点和比特币网络。在这一层,Rollup 数据的副本被永久存储,并且验证证明被验证。然而,由于比特币主网本身无法直接验证 DA 层的数据,B² Network 采用了一种特殊的方法,它将验证证明的摘要(Commitment)写入比特币主网,并设置了一个时间锁定的挑战,类似 OP 的欺诈证明。

B² Network 一个主要问题是比特币主网无法直接验证 DA 层的数据,所以需要采用挑战 - 响应机制来解决这个问题,这可能会影响到系统的去中心化性质和安全性。

B² Network 近期战略推出了 B² Hub,将为其它 ZK Rollup 提供服务,并且提供数据可用层 (DA) 功能,另外与 Babylon 进行战略合作,实现 BTC Layer 2 的 Restaking 和 LSD 功能。

  • Bison

比特币Layer2大盘点(下):Roullp与Taproot Consensus

Bison 是一种基于比特币的原生 ZK Rollup 方案,旨在提高交易速度并在比特币网络上实现高级功能。开发者可以利用 ZK Rollup 构建创新的 DeFi 解决方案,如 DEX/CEX、借代服务和自动化做市商。与其他 Layer 2 方案使用的以太坊虚拟机(EVM)不同,Bison 采用 Cario VM(与 StarkNet 相同),并主要围绕铭文进行生态构建。

在技术方案上,Bison 本质上仍然是主权 Rollup,通过自身节点进行验证。而 DA(Dispute Assistant)只是将验证结果以铭文形式保存和公示到比特币主网,并不能完全继承比特币的价值。

Bison 后续能否发展起来,可以说与铭文生态能否再次起来息息相关。

02 Taproot Consensus

Taproot Consensus 是基于比特币原生技术的 Layer 2 解决方案。它包括三个核心组件:Schnorr Signature、MAST Contract 和 SPV Node Network。

Schnorr Signature 是一种高效且具有更好隐私保护的比特币签名算法,Schnorr Signature 可以让比特币多签地址拓展到 1000 个,实现多签地址的分散化。

MAST Contract 提供多签管理的代码化,不依靠人来签名,而是依靠代码驱动。

SPV Node Network 由比特币轻节点组成,让用户能够方便安全地验证比特币支付,而无需保存完整的区块链数据。

Taproot Consensus 实现靠比特币轻节点网络共识来驱动多签,实现了去中心化的比特币跨链和管理。

翻了下资料,Taproot Consensus 应该算 BEVM 项目方自己独创的新二层赛道,所以代表项目只有他们自己。

  • 代表项目:BEVM

比特币Layer2大盘点(下):Roullp与Taproot Consensus

BEVM 是以 BTC 为 Gas 且兼容 EVM 的比特币 Layer 2 ,目标是提高比特币的可扩展性,降低交易费用,并培育一个更安全和去中心化的金融生态系统。

BEVM 的核心设计是基于 BTC 2021 年的 Taproot 升级,使用 Musig 2 聚合签名算法来实现去中心化的 BTC 跨链,Musig 2 聚合签名算法是 Taproot 升级带来的,可以让 1000 个比特币轻节点地址组成去中心化的资产网络,通过这个网络来处理 BTC 资产的转移,从而保障 BTC Layer 2 上的资产安全;BEVM 完全兼容 EVM,EVM 生态能运行的 DeFi、GameFi 等应用都可以无缝迁移到比特币 Layer 2 ,用户则可以在主流的加密钱包(如 Metamask、OK Wallet 等)直接使用 BEVM 生态应用。

上月底,BEVM 完成千万美金融资,投后估值 2 个亿,最近,BEVM 与 BN 钱包合作推出合作活动。

03 小结

以上便是目前比特币 Layer 2 的主流项目进展,整体看下来,其实可以发现,与以太坊 Layer 2 的发展很类似,都是在解决相同的问题,在比特币上的原生性(安全性与比特币挂钩)、去中心化的基础上以引入智能合约,而为了达到目的,都会有在一些方面作出一定的妥协。

另外还有个问题,那就是目前国内外的机构,扶持的项目也不一样,双方互不买账,属于自己玩自己的状态,相对来说,比较割裂。

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