Coinbase比特币减半手册:比特币并非在真空中运行

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-03-22Last updated on 2024-03-22

Abstract

从历史上看,比特币减半或对价格产生积极影响,但比特币不是在真空中运行的,不可忽视其他因素。

原文标题:Halving handbook: A primer for institutional investors

原文作者:Coinbase

原文编译:海尔斯曼,ChainCatcher

本文为 Coinbase 手册为机构投资者编写的手册,详细介绍了比特币之前的减半情况,以深入了解过去的趋势。然而,由于最近比特币 ETF 进入市场,并且比特币在减半前创下了历史新高,因此这次减半看起来略有不同。全文编译如下:

概述

下一次比特币减半将发生在 2024 年 4 月中旬,将直接导致矿工在验证交易后获得的比特币收益减半。减半是比特币网络设计的一个重要特征,旨在通过减少进入流通的新比特币的供应来限制通货膨胀。

每次开采 210000 个区块时就会减半,大约每四年进行一次。即将到来的减半将是比特币历史上的第四次减半。因为当特定的区块被挖掘时,减半会自动发生,而此次的减半将发生在第 840000 个区块,所以确切的时间是可变的(这取决于网络的哈希率)。当减半生效时,矿工的区块奖励将从 6.25 BTC 降至 3.125 BTC。

减半将继续按同样的时间表进行,直到 2100 万比特币全部开采完毕,预计将在 2140 年左右的某个时候进行。固定的减半时间表使比特币成为一种独特的程序性反通胀资产。

前三次减半回顾

比特币之前的三次减半分别发生在 2012 年 11 月、 2016 年 7 月和 2020 年 5 月。由于减半减少了新比特币的供应,通常被视为对比特币价格的看涨。先前减半的价格走势支持了这一观点:比特币在之前减半的六个月内平均上涨 61% ,减半后的六个月中平均上涨 348% 。但是,通过深入研究这些数字,很明显,并不是所有的减半都会如此。

比特币在第一次减半前的六个月里上涨了 139% ,然后在减半后的六个月中飙升了 923% 。当然,这是比特币的早期阶段,在减半之前的六个月,比特币的交易价格刚刚超过 5 美元,而随后的减半表现并没有那么强劲。

Coinbase比特币减半手册:比特币并非在真空中运行

在第二次减半中,表现有所放缓。比特币在减半前的六个月里上涨了 46% ,在接下来的六个月中又上涨了 37% 。

Coinbase比特币减半手册:比特币并非在真空中运行

第三次比特币减半延续了表现较为温和但仍然强劲的趋势。BTC 在减半前的六个月实际上下降了 2% ,但随后在接下来的六个月中上涨了 82% 。

Coinbase比特币减半手册:比特币并非在真空中运行

评估即将来临的减半

考虑到之前的历史,很容易推断出比特币最近的强劲表现(自 10 月中旬以来上涨了 157% )将持续到即将到来的减半之前和之后,但投资者对此应该谨慎,不能光从表面判断。

虽然减半可能会对比特币的币价表现产生积极影响,但关于这种关系的历史证据仍然有限,这在一定程度上具有推测性。此外,比特币并不是在真空中运行的:它的价格受到与减半等加密货币特定影响相去甚远的因素的影响。

应综合衡量减半前后的宏观影响

比特币在 2020 年 5 月上一次减半后的强劲表现,很大程度上是在应对新冠肺炎疫情的极端宽松的货币政策和历史上强劲的财政刺激的环境下出现的。

同样,比特币交易最近的上涨很可能更多地是由对现货比特币交易前景的热情推动的,而不是由对减半的兴奋推动的。未来,有许多宏观因素也可能对比特币价格产生有意义的影响。

乐观的一面是,我们预计美联储最早将于 5 月开始降息,并在不久后开始缩减其量化紧缩计划。另一方面,我们可以看到矿工的比特币供应的增长(作为他们回报的一部分)和正在摆脱破产的公司,包括前加密货币贷款人 Celsius Network 和 Genesis Global。

链上分析

除了这些宏观因素外,研究链上指标以深入了解可能在短期内影响价格的一些技术因素也很有指导意义。

除了观察 BTC 在之前的交易窗口中的表现外,缩小规模以评估市场在更广泛的比特币周期中的位置也很有帮助。自 2009 年诞生以来,比特币已经完成了四个市场周期。当前周期与 2018-2022 年最为相似,在此期间,比特币从周期低点上涨了 500% 。

Coinbase比特币减半手册:比特币并非在真空中运行

另一个需要考虑的有趣数据点是长期持有者持有的比特币总供应量。根据 Glassnode 的定义,长期持有者是指持有加密货币至少 155 天的投资者。从历史上看,这一持续时间标志着这些资产被出售的概率显著下降。在所有其他条件相同的情况下,长期持有者应该比短期持有者不太可能将减半看作一个大力出货的时机。

按照历史标准,长期持有者手中的供应量相当高,尽管自 1 月中旬推出现货比特币 ETF 以来,供应量已开始下降。

Coinbase比特币减半手册:比特币并非在真空中运行

减半虽然在历史上是看涨的,但只是影响比特币价格轨迹的众多因素之一。要了解更多关于减半、其他市场趋势或宏观经济形势如何影响加密货币市场的信息,可查看 Coinbase 机构研究和见解中心

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