技术解读Particle「链抽象」服务:如何助力Merlin达成40亿美元TVL?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-03-14Last updated on 2024-03-14

Abstract

BTC Layer2的发展需要 「链抽象」能力的持续加持。

原文作者:Haotian(X:@tmel0211

编者按:随着 BTC Layer 2 生态的崛起,以及诸多类 UTXO 模型新锐链的涌现,「链抽象」或许是下一个潜在爆发的赛道。MerlinChain 能一个月吸纳近 40 亿美金的 TVL 资产,少不了 Particle Network 的 「链抽象」技术助力。加密分析师 Haotian(X:@tme l0 211)从技术角度解读了「链抽象」技术是如何助力 MerlinChain 的 TVL 辉煌的,Odaily星球日报整理如下:

MerlinChain 能快速、有条不紊地吸纳近 40 亿美金的 TVL 资产,和 Particle Network 在幕后提供的 BTC Connect、AA 账户抽象、Paymaster 等成熟 “链抽象” 服务有直接关系。

之前我说 “链抽象” 是模块化之后下一个焦点赛道,不少人并不以为然,但,如果告诉你,没有 @ParticleNtwrk 的幕后 “链抽象” 技术助力,我们就不可能见证 BTC layer 2 赛道 MerlinChain   一个月近 40 亿美元 TVL 辉煌。Why?接下来,分享下我的技术理解:

“ 链抽象” 是账户抽象之后衍生出来的又一概念,目的是为了提升用户在不同区块链之间无缝交互体验。在 EVM-Compatible 独占一边天的时候,AA 账户抽象已经基本满足了用户的使用需求,但随着 BTC layer 2 生态的崛起,以及诸多类 UTXO 模型新锐链的涌现,一种能跨 EVM 链和非 EVM 链的 “链抽象” 技术,就至关重要了。

以 MerlinChain 为例,它本身是 EVM- Compatible 的新兴 BTC layer 2 链,目的通过 layer 2 的高扩展性能为 BTC 及 BRC 20、ARC 20、BTC 420 等 BTC layer 1 上的原生资产扩展应用生态,让这些 BTC 衍生资产能够摆脱主网链性能局限,释放出更大的流动性及市场潜力。

因此,MerlinChain 的主要技术门槛在于如何把 BTC 原生资产及其他铭文风刮起来的衍生资产 “跨链” 到 Layer 2 链上并快速构建一个 “应用协议” 生态,给铭文资产一个庞大的流动性市场,进而盘活沉寂许久的铭文生态。

要做到这些,需要能无缝连接 BTC UTXO 链和 EVM- Compatible 链,涉及 BTC 资产安全跨链、BRC 20 等衍生资产无缝账本迁移、BTC 等系列资产在二层的 DeFi 应用环境快速构建等等技术问题。

若按正常开发进程,即使二层链能基于已有 EVM 成熟方案快速开发,如何搞定 BTC 原生链环境和 EVM 环境的互通是个大问题。换做其他链之间的可交互操作性互通,还能来一次 “双向奔赴” 各自适配,但 BTC 链很特殊,只能其他链来兼容适配自己,哪怕是扩展性能要高出很多的 EVM 链也不例外。然而 EVM 链本身和 BTC 链就不是一个物种,也不可能主动迎合 BTC 链的设计。

怎么办呢?只能由一个独立第三方 “链抽象” 平台来提供可交互操作 “连接器”,不妨,以 Particle 对 Merlin 的技术支持为例,来做一些探讨和说明。看看 Particle Network 专门定制开发的 BTC-Connect 具体如何工作的?

EVM-Compatible 链大多只能兼容 Metamask,而大多数 BTC 链用户资产都在 Unisat、Xverse 等钱包上,要用 Unisat 连接 EVM 链需要一层 “钱包适配” 抽象处理。

简单来说,Unisat 和 Metamask 分别有不同的公私钥加密算法以及解析签名特殊性,Particle 需要衔接好双方的通信协调工作:

1)当用户在 Unisat 发起交易时,Unist 要先通过 Particle 的 SDK,向 Partcile Chain 发出交易请求,Particle 链会先生成该 Unisat 地址对应的一个 EVM Smart Contract 地址,然后该 AA 地址会在 EVM 环境下发起一个交易,并请求 MerlinChain 的响应;

2)用户初次连接时,需要先将一部分 BTC 链上的资产 Bridge 至 Particle 链上的 AA 地址中,该地址具备 Paymaster 代付能功能,可代执行后续一系列交互操作,比如委托交易,代付 Gas、多重签名管理等等;

3)在 Particle 完成一系列 SDK 可交互操作性基础衔接后,用户交易发送到 Particle Chain,Particle Chain 会验证执行,协调 MerlinChain,Merlin 收到新的交易请求时,会直接通过 AA 合约解析验证 Bitcoin 钱包签名,完成交易。

在完成钱包抽象的适配处理后,Particle 在 MerlinChain 的资产迁入和处理等环节也都发挥一定作用,比如:用户通过 Unisat 转移资产到 MerlinChain 会存放到由 Cobo 平台提供的托管地址中,Particle 则应立即触发响应生成相应的 Wrap 资产,并产生一个可进行多重签名和委托交易的 AA 地址,Particle 相当于 BTC 原生资产进入 MerlinChain 的必经管道。这意味着:

1)ParticleChain 会沉淀大部分由 BTC 链迁入的原生资产的 Wrap 版,可以认为 MerlinChain 将近 40 亿美金的 TVL 资产,大部分都会在 Particle Chain 的所辖范围内,Particle 要衔接好 Wrap 资产的铸造、销毁、转移等全过程,帮助 MerlinChain 有清晰的资产流通管理能力;

2)对于其他 EVM- Compatible 环境下流入的 ETH、USDT、USDC 等资产,Particle 则会基于其 AA 账户抽象特性,同样做相应的资产流通记账管理,以支撑后续 MerlinChain 上各类 Swap、Staking、Restaking 等有关的 DeFi 协议应用产生;

3)铭文资产对应的链下 indexer 系统也至关重要,作为管理链上交易数据的核心工具,当铭文资产流入 layer 2 二层 EVM 环境后,索引器需要被精准记录追踪有效并管理这类资产的流通,尤其是协调不同索引之间的账本差异时。

总的来说,MerlinChain 能快速、有条不紊地吸纳近 40 亿美金的 TVL 资产,和 Particle Network 在幕后提供的 BTC Connect、AA 账户抽象、Paymaster 等成熟 “链抽象” 服务有直接关系。

以上

“链抽象” 作为接下来一个潜在爆发的赛道,其价值和意义不言而喻。有人说,这不就是链间的可交互操作性方案么?没错,但不同物种链之间的 “链抽象” 通信,并没想象中那般简单。

一套 ERC 4337 AA 账户抽象标准基本可以串联 EVM 链全局,Sui、Aptos 等新锐链之间也可以通过合约、代理合约等映射关系完成资产交割,最麻烦且极具挑战性地莫过于如何处理和 BTC 链的抽象关系了。

BTC layer 2 的发展需要 “链抽象” 能力的持续加持。钱包不兼容交互的抽象,indexer 协作差异性的抽象,链下托管环境和链上资产透明度的抽象,链上各类异化铭文资产之间的管理抽象等等。

铭文赛道沉寂背后大多是因为不少技术问题尚未被解决,当各类微创新的资产百花齐放后,现在要用抽象大法把它们归一到一条统一的 layer 2 链上,征程有多难可想而知。

Note:BTClayer 2 说到底,就为解决 BTC 系列衍生资产的流通性问题,期待 @MerlinLayer 2 @BSquaredNetwork @ParticleNtwrk 等在此耕耘的 Builder,能带来持续突破。

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