标准普尔全球警告以太坊 ETF 现货对质押集中度的影响

区块创新Block ChangePublished on 2024-02-22Last updated on 2024-02-22

Abstract

标准普尔全球评级在最近的一份分析中强调,美国可能批准现货以太坊(ETH )交易所交易基金(ETF),其中包括质押计划,可能会放大以太坊网络内的集中风险。

标准普尔全球评级在最近的一份分析中强调,美国可能批准现货以太坊(ETH )交易所交易基金(ETF),其中包括质押计划,可能会放大以太坊网络内的集中风险。

据报道,SEC 最早可能在 5 月份批准 ETH ETF。然而,随着金融巨头争夺这一新兴领域的股份,ETF的进入可能会极大地影响以太坊验证者权力的平衡,带来新的挑战和机遇。

SEC 必须在 5 月 23 日之前对VanEck 的申请做出决定,并可能在该截止日期之前对其他 ETH ETF 申请做出裁决。

1、集中度风险

Ark Invest和Franklin Templeton提出的现货以太坊 ETF 提案旨在通过质押 ETH 来产生额外收益。然而,标准普尔全球分析师写道,如果这些支持质押的 ETF 看到足够高的资金流入,它们可能会影响以太坊验证网络的参与率。

根据该报告,Lido目前占质押 ETH 的比例略低于三分之一,是最大的以太坊验证者。然而,该报告对这些 ETF 选择 Lido 等去中心化质押协议的可能性表示怀疑。

相反,对机构加密货币托管人的偏好似乎更有可能,这表明根据发行人的多元化策略对验证者集中度产生不同的影响。

通过 S&P Global 验证 ETH 浓度

该报告还强调,作为某些基金托管人的Coinbase如果代表美国 ETF 接收新的 ETH,也可能会带来集中风险。

该交易所目前负责大约 15% 的 ETH 质押,使其成为第二大验证者。它还担任四个最大的非美国质押以太坊 ETF 中三个的托管人。

该报告表示,这些问题至关重要,因为对单一实体或软件客户端的依赖可能会带来验证器中断和攻击的风险。它呼吁加强对集中风险的监控并强调其重要性。

新数字资产托管人的出现可以为 ETF 发行人更广泛地分配其股份提供途径,这也可以减轻集中风险。

2、摩根大通也表达了担忧

标准普尔全球的报告呼应了摩根大通最近在对以太坊 ETF 现货的类似分析中提出的担忧。该贷款机构的报告还得出结论,Lido 和 Coinbase 的主导地位对生态系统构成了重大的集中风险。

摩根大通认为,验证者数量集中可能会成为单点故障,从而危及网络的稳定性和安全性。这种集中化还为恶意攻击提供了利润丰厚的目标,从黑客攻击到网络运营的协调中断。

此外,摩根大通的分析师警告称,主要验证者之间可能存在勾结。验证者的寡头垄断可以操纵网络的治理和运营参数以达到自身优势,但会牺牲以太坊更广泛的用户群。

这可能表现为审查交易、对某些操作给予优惠待遇或抢先交易——这些做法会削弱人们对以太坊公平性和透明度的信任。

确保以太坊仍然是一个强大、安全和去中心化的平台,需要集体努力来减轻集中风险,并营造一个环境,让任何一个验证者或一组验证者都无法行使不成比例的权力。

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