比特币第四次减半“有所不同” Ordinal Theory提供全新的激励动能

ForeChainPublished on 2024-01-30Last updated on 2024-01-30

Abstract

比特币的第四次减半(halving)即将发生,这次减半可能带来一些有趣的惊喜。这种减半每210,000个区块就会发生,大约每四年一次,是比特币逐渐达到其总限制流通供应的通货紧缩方法的一部分。与此同时,“Ordinal Theory”为此次减半提供了一种全新的激励动能,这在比特币历史上任何先前的减半中都没有出现过。

FX168财经报社(北美)讯 比特币的第四次减半(halving)即将发生,这次减半可能带来一些有趣的惊喜。减半是指比特币每个区块的供应奖励从每个区块6.25个BTC减少到3.125个BTC。这种减半每210,000个区块就会发生,大约每四年一次,是比特币逐渐达到其总限制流通供应的通货紧缩方法的一部分。

比特币的有限供应为2100万枚是其基本特征之一,也是推动人们对比特币作为一种更优越货币形式的需求和信仰的核心。定期的减半是实施有限供应的机制。随着时间的推移,减半是比特币激励机制发生最基本转变的驱动因素之一:从矿工主要通过新发行的硬币(coinbase补贴-区块奖励)获得资金,到主要通过用户在链上转移比特币的交易费用收入获得资金。

正如中本聪在白皮书的第6节中所说:

“激励也可以通过交易费来提供。如果交易的输出价值小于其输入价值,差额将成为交易费,添加到包含该交易的区块的激励价值中。一旦预定数量的硬币进入流通,激励可以完全过渡到交易费,而完全没有通货膨胀。”

历史上,比特币的减半通常与比特币价格的大幅升值相关,抵消了矿工补贴减半的影响。由于矿工的费用是以法币支付的,这意味着如果比特币价格升值,导致每个区块获得的比特币减少,但以美元计算的收入更多,对矿业运营的负面影响就会减轻。

然而,考虑到上一个市场周期,即使相对于之前的最高点,价格仅上涨不到4倍,从而导致价格上涨对减半影响的程度可能不一定会一直保持。在这次减半中,比特币的通货膨胀率将首次降至1%以下。如果下一个市场周期与先前的周期相似,上涨幅度远低于历史水平,这次减半可能对现有矿工产生实质性的负面影响。

这使得矿工能够从交易中收取的费用收入变得比以往任何时候都更为重要,并且在区块高度增加和连续减半发生时,这将继续对其业务可持续性产生更为重要的影响。要么交易费用必须增加,要么价格每次减半时至少必须翻倍,以弥补补贴收入的减少。尽管大多数比特币支持者可能非常看好比特币,但认为每四年价格翻倍是一种毫无保证的假设,最多只能说是可疑的。

不管喜欢还是讨厌,BRC-20代币和铭文已经改变了内存池的整个动态,将费用从它们存在之前的每个区块0.1-0.2BTC的大概水平推高到1-2BTC的平均波动水平,最近经常飙升远远超过这个数字。

新的要素

“Ordinal Theory”为此次减半提供了一种全新的激励动能,这在比特币历史上任何先前的减半中都没有出现过。“Rare sats”(稀有的聪),即特定区块中的聪可以被追踪和“拥有”,并根据对区块链交易历史的任意解释,基于对特定输出“发送该聪”的假设进行跟踪。该理论的另一个方面是给特定聪分配稀缺价值。每个区块都有一个coinbase,从而产生一个序数。但每个区块对该体系的重要性不同。每个普通区块产生一个“不寻常的”聪,每个难度调整的第一个区块产生一个“稀有的”聪,而每个减半周期的第一个区块产生一个“史诗的”聪。

这次减半将是Ordinal Theory在比特币用户子集中广泛采用后的第一次。在以前的减半中,从未有过在大规模和发达的生态系统中出现对“史诗”的聪的实质市场需求。对该特定聪的市场需求最终可能被评估为比coinbase奖励本身以可交换的聪更高的荒谬倍数。

在比特币领域的大型市场细分将该单一coinbase的价值大幅提高于其他任何内容,这为矿工争夺该coinbase创造了激励,即在减半后立即重新组织区块链。在比特币历史上,唯一发生过这种情况的是在第一次减半时,区块奖励从50 BTC减少到25 BTC。一些矿工继续尝试挖掘奖励50 BTC的coinbase区块,而其余网络忽视了他们的努力后不久放弃了。这次,重新组织的激励不是基于忽视共识规则并希望其他人加入你的一方,而是基于争夺谁被允许挖掘一个完全有效的区块,因为收藏家将为该单一coinbase赋予的价值而斗争。

虽然不能保证这样的重新组织实际上会发生,但对矿工来说有非常大的财务激励。如果真的发生,它将持续多长时间最终取决于“史诗”的聪在市场上可能价值多少,以支付因为争夺一个区块而损失的收入,而不是推动链的进展。比特币历史上的每一次减半都是人们关注的重要事件,但这次有可能比以往的减半更加有趣。

“史诗”聪争夺战

第一种可能是矿工们不认为在重新组织区块链以争夺自Ordinals采用以来挖掘的第一个“史诗”聪的潜在市场价值,能抵消浪费能源重新组织区块链和放弃通过简单挖掘下一个区块而获得的收益的机会成本。如果矿工们认为“史诗”聪的额外溢价不值得放弃转向下一个区块的成本,他们可能会选择不采取行动。

假设一个更大规模的矿业操作可以承担更多“失去的区块”来参与在“史诗”聪上进行重新组织的斗争。在这种情况下,资本更多的较大矿工可以承担更大的风险。如果矿工们认为他们可以为序数获取一些溢价,但不是值得对网络造成严重干扰的巨大溢价,那么可能会看到一些规模较大的矿工尝试重新组织,而规模较小的矿工甚至不尝试,实际上干扰很小。

如果市场在事先为“史诗”聪进行竞价,并且矿工们可以清晰地了解到序数的价值远远超过可交换的聪本身的市场价值,那么矿工们可能会长时间地争夺该区块。在这种情况下,由于市场明确表示“史诗”聪的价值,矿工们清楚地知道他们可以多久不转向下一个区块,仍然通过获得序数后的减半coinbase奖励实现净利润。在这种情况下,网络可能会遭受重大的干扰,直到矿工开始接近即使成功挖掘这个区块而不进行重新组织时也将遭受损失的点。

不管事情最终如何发展,除非对Ordinals的需求和市场消失,否则每次减半都会考虑到这一因素。

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