​对于现阶段GameFi发展而言,兼容EVM重要吗?

白话区块链Published on 2022-04-23Last updated on 2022-04-23

Abstract

EVM 之于以太坊,如同 CPU 之于计算机。

以太坊

从融资角度分析,GameFi的热度居高不下。
据Footprint Analytics数据显示:在刚刚过去的3月,已经有30+ GameFi获得了资本的青睐,GameFi赛道的月融资总额超4亿美元,而且GameFi玩家日活数据也突破百万。
在传统互联网中,我们通常以经济模型设计、玩家数量、玩家氪金程度等要素评估游戏,而作为游戏在加密世界的变种,我们也常常通过经济模型设计、链上玩家数量、链上玩家交易额来评估GameFi的优劣。
其中,围绕以太坊不可撼动的生态之王地位,我们发现GameFi在链上玩家数量、链上玩家交易额的较量中,似乎也逐渐分化为支持EVM / 不支持EVM两个阵营。
今天这篇文章,我们将试图从支持EVM / 不支持EVM这个角度,进一步观察分析目前GameFi的发展。
 01 
我们常说的EVM兼容到底是什么?
从标准定义上来看,以太坊(英文Ethereum)是一个开源的有智能合约功能的公共区块链平台,并通过一套图灵完备的脚本语言(Ethereum Virtual Machinecode,简称EVM语言)来建立应用。其中,EVM(Ethereum Virtual Machine)是「以太坊虚拟机」的缩写。作为以太坊网络的心脏,EVM的主要作用是支持以太坊调用智能合约,从而完成合约的主动生效和自动执行。EVM 之于以太坊,如同 CPU 之于计算机。
Messari分析师也曾用一个形象的比喻解释EVM:你可以将EVM想象成Android操作系统,使用安卓系统的手机能够运行你最喜欢的一些Apps。
以太坊开创了智能合约的先河,经历过DeFi Summer、NFT浪潮等快速发展阶段,如今的以太坊俨然已形成其生态帝国。但受困于早期设计,以太坊也存在可拓展性差、网络拥堵、Gas费高等问题。基于此,我们迎来了公链(智能合约平台)大爆发的时代,围绕着扩容、跨链、更低 Gas 费的解决方案层出不穷:
一方面,这些公链陆续推出了EVM兼容,承接以太坊生态的价值溢出,我们熟知的并且在过去一年中发展势头迅猛的很多公链都支持EVM兼容,比如兑换平台链BSC、Layer 2赛道的Polygon、隐私计算赛道的PlatON以及在前几日宣布推出与EVM兼容的虚拟机FVM的Filecoin,都是EVM兼容公链中的佼佼者。其中有不少公链都曾公开表示他们2022年的生态发展重点将聚焦GameFi赛道。
比如BSC,BSC在生态发展之初就兼容EVM,开发人员可以轻松实现以太坊DApp的迁移和部署,目前已有200+ GameFi部署在BSC上,且据2021年末Dappradar的数据显示,排名前10的GameFi中,BSC就占据了4个名额。
再比如PlatON,2021年11月,PlatON正式发布兼容以太坊生态的新版本,以实现 PlatON 和以太坊平台的无缝衔接。进入2022年,PlatON在GameFi赛道频繁发力,不仅与Web 3.0基础设施的去中心化数字身份QPassport建立合作,生态也即将推出链上首款多元世界观的GameFi游戏《石器文明》。
在支持EVM的相对面,也有很多长期发展过程中并不支持EVM的公链取得不错发展,Solana和Terra便是非常典型的案例。凭借同时拥有SocialFi+GameFi属性的大热生态STEPN,Solana GameFi发展近期备受瞩目;而作为公链TVL前五的Terra,其生态GameFi也颇具多元性,涵盖赛马游戏、NFT卡牌游戏、NFT格斗游戏等多种类别。
值得一提的是,TVL排名前十的智能合约平台中,约70%的平台是支持EVM,不支持EVM兼容的平台仅占约30%。这一方面再次显示了以太坊生态的强大,另外一方面似乎也昭示着,目前支持EVM似乎是公链发展的主流需求。

以太坊

那么EVM到底有什么魅力?让大多数新兴公链都不约而同选择支持EVM呢?
 02 
是否兼容EVM:流量与创新之间的博弈
通常来说,大多数新兴公链都是为了缓解以太坊性能问题,因此具有高性能、低Gas等优势,对于GameFi而言,EVM兼容链在游戏顺畅体验方面要高于以太坊。但在发展初期,这些EVM兼容链希望能够借力以太坊技术、流量优势,获得快速发展。
支持EVM兼容意味着该公链创造了一个类似EVM的代码执行环境,让以太坊上的开发者可以方便快捷地将其智能合约部署到这条链上,而不必为了这条链再从头开始编写智能合约的代码。
这就为EVM兼容链带来了至少三项优势:
首先,低门槛让以太坊开发者更有意向将他们移植到EVM兼容链,这些移植的内容能够在公链发展早期迅速填补生态空白;
其次,区块链行业中的大多数创新发生在以太坊,以太坊也因此诞生了许多顶流内容,如果能够吸引此类顶级公司入驻生态,并在此基础上实现与以太坊生态系统的互操作性,能够为公链发展带来非常高的用户流量以及话题热度
最重要的是,EVM发展至今已经是一项非常成熟的技术,围绕EVM兼容也已经形成了一个庞大的体系,在这个体系之内无论是技术交流、构建公司还是获取用户,都享受到了一定程度的「规模效应」。
像我们上文提到的BSC、Polygon,在发展初期都在EVM兼容的助力获得野蛮生长。另外对于今年聚焦GameFi赛道着力发展生态的PlatON而言,也非常有可能进入一个用户、生态关注度快速攀升的阶段。
但支持EVM也给很多平台发展造成一定程度的限制:
比如,目前区块链应用发展仍处于非常初期的阶段,整体上模仿>创新,当一个创新出现,短时间内会涌现出无数类似生态目,这加剧了产品同质化现象,而在以太坊特性与EVM具体规则的框架下,EVM兼容链的想要实现创新突破,可能会有更多掣肘。
比如,多样化的EVM兼容链让用户有了更多选择,但同时也加快了资金流转,面对层出不穷的新内容加入EVM阵营,EVM兼容链在获得初期的以太坊外溢红利之后,如何实现正向可持续发展,是个值得深入思考的问题。
再比如,EVM兼容链可能会受到以太坊路线图的约束,从而会干扰生态的发展计划。
因此相比较于EVM兼容链,不兼容EVM选择独立发展的生态,虽然在发展初期面临「从零开始」的困境,也没有什么流量优势,但其优势也非常明显:
一方面,跳出EVM框架思维之外,非EVM兼容平台在创新性方面表现更好,而且平台可以实现很多差异化功能,为特定的用户提供服务,在众多DApp的包围下脱颖而出。
另一方面,考虑到区块链发展仍处于初期阶段,大家对于「创新」非常期待,也非常愿意去学习接纳,更重要的是我们对「创新」的定义其实具有非常高的包容性,这让一些具有创新基因的内容,一旦出圈,则很容易得到用户、资本的青睐,从而获得势如破竹的发展态势
 03 
近期可以期待的GameFi生态
就像我在文中多次强调的一样,这个行业仍处于发展初期,因此对于支持EVM / 不支持EVM两个阵营而言,撇开竞争关系,通力合作将GameFi这一蛋糕做大,才是整个行业快速发展、生态各方共赢的更优选择。
因此,我们不妨共同期待这两个阵营未来将在GameFi赛道上演的精彩表现。
在支持EVM的公链中,即将在PlatON上线的多元世界观GameFi游戏《石器文明》值得关注

以太坊

首先,从游戏名称中我们可以得知,《石器文明》脱胎于著名游戏IP《石器时代》。这款堪称回合制网游鼻祖的游戏,曾在中国网游市场达到万人空巷的火爆程度。基于《石器时代》进行二次创新,PlatON即将推出重磅巨作《石器文明》不仅画面更精美、游戏角色更饱满、规则机制更严谨,而且拥有天然的IP流量优势。
其次,作为PlatON重点扶持的生态内容,PlatON所具备的深厚底蕴和强大实力,也使得《石器文明》进一步拥有发展成为优质热门GameFi内容的潜质。作为发展潜力巨大的公链内容,PlatON以门槛极高的隐私计算为切入点,旨在建立一个去中心化协作的互操作计算网络。凭借强大的技术实力、精巧的网络设计和广泛的应用场景,目前PlatON已俨然发展成为行业首屈一指的隐私计算公链,并获得包括Hashkey Capital、Youbi Capital、高山资本、Hash Global Capital在内的十多家投资机构的投入,总融资额达到5000万美元。

以太坊

自去年4月份主网正式上线以来,PlatON的账户地址数量快速增长。然而在一众拥趸者的殷切期待下,PlatON过去一年来在生态建设方面的表现却显得有些不急不慢,踏踏实实筑牢网络安全、性能以及社区基础,一步一个脚印,迎来生态发展的厚积薄发。进入2022年之后,随着生态重磅内容《石器文明》的官宣,PlatON也将快速推进其生态建设的各方面工作。
最重要的是,作为PlatON聚焦GameFi赛道开启生态建设的开山之作《石器文明》无论从角色设定、经济模型设计还是画面细节处理方面,都可谓十分精致:游戏依托石器时代为背景,将世界所有原始人类聚合,通过区块链技术,将内容进行唯一化、数字化的游戏,所有游戏内的物品和生物都是基于区块链的NFT资产,让玩家在娱乐的同时能够最大程度的获取收益,进一步体现GameFi的P2E属性。并且由于基于隐私AI计算网络PlatON构建,《石器文明》也拥有成熟的隐私计算技术护航玩家数字资产隐私与流通。
据团队透露,《石器文明》目前正在进行PlatON链上测试,游戏将于近期发布,并率先以NFT形式公开预售,感兴趣的玩家可以持续关注。

以太坊

另外,在非EVM兼容的公链阵营中,GameFi话题持续火爆。
一方面,基于Solana构建的StepN在全球迅速蹿红。游戏玩法是通过户外散步、慢跑或跑步以赚取GST,然后升级或铸造新的Sneakers NFT。传达出的绿色、低碳、健康的生活态度,以及「Move to Earn」创新理念,不仅让玩家获得了在真实世界运动的满足感,而且在参与中获得了收益。自上线以来,GMT Token价格从最低0.01美元一路上涨至最高3.85美元

以太坊

「Move to Earn」的成功也让更多形式的P2E模式走红,同样是基于Solana构建的GameFi,Let me speak正在凭借「Learn to Earn」模式火速出圈。玩法也非常简单:玩家可以在市场上购买NFT角色,然后在APP开始学习英语。每个NFT角色每天都有能量,这些能量会转化为学习奖励。每次在学习时给出正确答案时,都会将一部分能量转换为Token,获得的Token在市场可以转换为USDC。
不少人猜测,两个生态的火爆将会引发从业者的新一轮模仿,未来行业可能会出现更多类似Sing to Earn、Dance to Earn、Smile to Earn等热潮。
 04 
结语
不管未来支持EVM / 不支持EVM两个阵营的有和竞争、创新机制如何、热点趋势在哪儿,可以肯定的是,GameFi正在以更去中心化、更尊重用户体验、更具有Web 3.0特质的方式,改变传统游戏和金融玩法。
而区块链行业以及GameFi赛道正处于发展初期,GameFi热度还将在未来很长一段时间持续,行业需要创新,赛道欢迎创新,玩家不会埋没创新,对于身处这一赛道的任何公司而言,机遇常在,大有可为。

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