BRC-20投机盛行,Ordinals创始人发布的新FT协议Rune将吹起新风?

PanewsPublished on 2023-09-27Last updated on 2023-09-28

Abstract

Rune协议与 BRC-20 以及 Taro/RGB 等闪电网络上的 FT 协议有什么不同?Casey 为什么突然提出了「符文」协议的构想?在该构想出现后短短不到 1 天的时间里,已经有了哪些进展?

作者:Cookie
今天,比特币 NFT 协议 Ordinals 的创始人 Casey Rodarmor 提出了一个新的比特币 FT 协议设计构想,名为「Rune」,也被称为「符文」协议。
这个协议与 BRC-20 以及 Taro/RGB 等闪电网络上的 FT 协议有什么不同?Casey 为什么突然提出了「符文」协议的构想?在该构想出现后短短不到 1 天的时间里,已经有了哪些进展?
律动 BlockBeats 将为您详细梳理「符文」协议至今的各方面消息。
「符文」协议的设计出发点
Casey Rodarmor 用一句话对「符文」协议最大的特点进行了概括——一个简单的、基于 UTXO 的、能使比特币用户具有使用良好体验的 FT 协议。
Casey 认为,如果该协议的链上「足迹」较小,并促进可信任的 UTXO 管理,那么与现有的比特币 FT 协议相比,它可能会减少「危害」。至少,目前 BRC-20 的流行已经创造了大量的「垃圾」UTXO。
Casey 在以下 4 方面将「符文」协议与其它现有的比特币 FT 协议进行了比较:

  • 复杂性:协议有多复杂?实施起来容易吗?容易被大范围采用吗?
  • 用户体验:是否有任何实施细节会对用户体验产生负面影响?特别是,依赖链下数据的协议具有较轻的链上「足迹」,但引入了很大的复杂性。并且,用户要么运行自己的服务器,要么发现现有服务器并与其交互。
  • 状态模型:基于 UTXO 的协议更自然地适合比特币,并通过避免创建「垃圾」UTXO 来促进 UTXO 集最小化。
  • 原生 Token:具有协议操作所需的原生 Token 的是繁琐的、需要挖的(extractive),自然不太会受到广泛采用。

比较的结果是:

  • BRC-20:不是基于 UTXO 并且相当复杂,因为它需要使用 Ordinals 协议来进行某些操作。
  • RGB:非常复杂,依赖链下数据,已经开发了很长时间而没有被广泛采用。
  • Counterparty:某些操作需要使用原生 Token,而不是基于 UTXO。
  • Omni Layer:某些操作需要使用原生 Token,而不是基于 UTXO。
  • Taproot Assets(Taro):有点复杂,依赖链下数据。

那么「符文」协议具体将要怎么实现来解决上述的痛点呢?
「符文」协议的实现
概述
「符文」Token 的余额直接包含在 UTXO 内,UTXO 可以包含任意数量的「符文」Token。
如果一笔交易包含一个输出,而该输出的脚本 pubkey 包含一个 OP_RETURN,后跟一个表示 ASCII 大写字母「R」的数据输出,则该交易包含一个协议消息。协议消息是第一个数据输出之后的所有。
如果将无效的协议消息和「符文」Token 插入到一笔交易中,「符文」Token 将被烧毁。这将使「符文」协议能够在未来进行升级,避免已经被创建 / 分配的「符文」Token 无法纠正在旧版本协议中的分配错误。
将整数编码为前缀变量,该变量开始的部分决定了「符文」Token 的字节长度。
「符文」Token 的转账
协议消息中的第一个数据输出被解码为一个整数序列,这个整数序列将包含「ID」、「OUTPUT」和「AMOUNT」3 种信息。如果解码后的整数数量不是 3 的倍数,协议消息将被视为无效。

  • ID:指定了进行转账的是哪个「符文」Token。每个「符文」Token 在被创建时都会被分配一个 ID,ID 是从 1 开始的,越早创建的「符文」Token ID 值越小。
  • OUTPUT:决定分配给第几个输出。
  • AMOUNT:转账的「符文」Token 数量。如果 AMOUNT 数量为 0,则代表账户剩余的全部「符文」Token 数量。

处理完整数序列所包含的所有操作后,如果还有不需要操作的「符文」Token,都分配到第一个非 OP_RETURN 输出。此外,如果把「符文」Token 分配到包含协议消息的 OP_RETURN 输出中,「符文」Token 可能被烧毁。
「符文」Token 的创建
如果协议消息后还有第二个数据输出,该交易则为一笔「符文」Token 创建交易。这部分的数据输出将被解码为「SYMBOL」和「DECIMALS」两个整数,如果还有更多其它整数则无效。

  • SYMBOL:相当于 BRC-20 的 Ticker(即 Token 名称),最多支持 26 位,可用字符只有 A-Z。
  • DECIMALS:精度,决定「符文」Token 能支持小数点后多少位。

如果「SYMBOL」还未被使用,该「符文」Token 将被分配一个 ID 值,第一个被创建的「符文」Token ID 值为 1,BITCOIN、BTC 和 XBT 这 3 个名称被禁用。如果「SYMBOL」已被使用,那么创建将无效。也就是说,在「符文」协议依然不支持创建同名 Token。
比特币余额在 UTXO 中的显示
在一个 UTXO 中,比特币的余额将显示为 BITCOIN、BTC 或 XBT,又或是以 ID 值为 0 的方式显示。
Casey 为什么突然提出了「符文」协议的构想?
在 Ordinals 协议的官方手册里,我们可以看出 Casey 对 Ordinals 协议的设想就是一个通过比特币创造「数字文物」,或者说「NFT」的协议。但随着 Ordinals 协议的发展,BRC-20 相关的铭文数量已经占到了铭文总数的 85% 以上。
Casey 对 BRC-20 的不满已经很久了,尤其是他最近引起轩然大波的两条推文,更能感受到他对于 BRC-20 的消极态度:

BRC-20投机盛行,Ordinals创始人发布的新FT协议Rune将吹起新风?


我最想要的圣诞礼物是投机者发现 Taproot Assets(Taro),这样他们就可以停止铸造 BRC-20 Token 了

BRC-20投机盛行,Ordinals创始人发布的新FT协议Rune将吹起新风?


难道不能向 BRC-20 Token 的持有者们刻录「转账铭文」把他们的余额给锁定,这样他们就不得不把转账铭文发给他们自己从而解锁余额嘛?
在 Casey 看来,自己创造的「艺术馆」成了投机者的乐园,这让他非常难受。不仅是自己的「艺术馆」变成了「大赌场」,Casey 对于 FT 本身的态度也很消极:

BRC-20投机盛行,Ordinals创始人发布的新FT协议Rune将吹起新风?


在这篇提出 Rune 协议设想的博文中,Casey 在文章的最后表示,「FT 的世界几乎就是一个不可救药的、充满了欺骗与贪婪的深渊」
Rune 协议设想的提出,堪称 Casey 对 Ordinals 协议的「刮骨疗毒」——尽管作为协议的创始人,但在 Web3 的世界中,他没有办法一意孤行封杀掉他所认为的、寄生在 Ordinals 协议上的「毒瘤」BRC-20。于是,他抛出了这个想法——这里是「艺术馆」,你们想继续 Degen 的话,我有一个想法,大家去「大赌场」Degen OK 不 OK?
话虽如此,Casey 也仅仅是提出一个 Rune 这个关于比特币 FT 协议的设想,他本人甚至没有意愿将之实现。不过,Casey 的号召力摆在那里,我们已经可以看到短短 1 天不到的时间里,玩家们有多兴奋。
1 天不到的时间里,Rune 协议有哪些发展?
比特币 NFT 交易市场 Ordinals Wallet 在下午 3 点宣布部署了 Rune 协议的第一个 Token $RUNE。

BRC-20投机盛行,Ordinals创始人发布的新FT协议Rune将吹起新风?


不过,在推文的评论区有人指出,这似乎是一个无效的部署...

BRC-20投机盛行,Ordinals创始人发布的新FT协议Rune将吹起新风?


此外,@TO还发起了一个公开悬赏,第一个做出 Rune 协议索引器的团队,可获得 10 万美元赏金。

BRC-20投机盛行,Ordinals创始人发布的新FT协议Rune将吹起新风?


这里需要提醒大家特别注意的是,$RUNE 的部署是否有效现在没有定论,因为该协议目前为止只是 Casey 的一个设想,并没有任何已经草拟好的相关标准以及代码出产。谨防各类骗局!
结语
Casey 的这个设想,更多是无可奈何地对大家说——我有比 BRC-20 更好的法子,大家是不是考虑一下,让 Ordinals 回归最开始的发展方向?
那么 BRC-20 会「死」吗?我觉得倒也无需太过悲观。几个月来,BRC-20 已经吸引了大量的团队进行建设,这些团队并不会仅仅因为 Casey 的一个设想就放弃。并且,BRC-20 也是动态发展的,是不是可以结合闪电网络解决掉现在的一些痛点?这些都是可以期待的。
最后的最后,来自 Casey 的灵魂拷问——
99.9% 的 FT 都是 meme 与骗局,我不确定,为比特币创建一个新的 FT 协议真的是一个好主意吗?

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