以太坊正在吞噬所有的区块链

MarsBitPublished on 2023-09-25Last updated on 2023-09-26

Abstract

如果历史是前兆,那么以太坊将吞噬整个区块链领域,而不是以太坊的一部分最终会成为以太坊的第二层解决方案。

EY(安永)的全球区块链领导者表示,历史表明,所有第二层解决方案将会逐渐迁移到以太坊上。以太坊正在吞噬所有区块链,这是没有问题的。
如果历史是前兆,那么以太坊将吞噬整个区块链领域,而不是以太坊的一部分最终会成为以太坊的第二层解决方案。我相信CELO利益相关者最近决定将其运营转为以太坊的第二层解决方案只是类似整合和转变的开始,最终将我们引向以太坊成为所有区块链的第一层解决方案的终点状态。
在技术行业中,有充分的先例表明了这种整合的情况。我最喜欢的一个例子是,在大约15年的时间里,一个极其多样化的网络世界逐渐融合成一个单一的全球标准。
这个网络故事如下:很久以前,大约在人类文明的黎明时期(20世纪70年代),我们有很多不同的数据网络。各种各样的网络服务各种公司和政府,从美国高级研究计划署网络(ARPANET,互联网的前身)到IBM的系统网络架构(SNA)、施乐的互联网数据报协议(IDP)以及其他许多网络。结果是一大堆不兼容的网络,形成了一个无法连接商业和政府系统的乱七八糟的、各种各样的网络,这使得连接业务和政府系统变得极其困难。
从连接的纽带到全球标准
从20世纪70年代开始,人们开始着手创建一个可以跨多个网络工作并能够平稳处理网络操作中的中断和变化的协议。最终产生了TCP/IP,全名为传输控制协议/互联网协议。在早期,TCP/IP确切地完成了它的任务:连接了所有这些不同的网络。
起初,TCP/IP只是用来连接不同的网络标准,这个任务它做得非常出色。然而,随着时间的推移,标准化和规模化的无可阻挡的逻辑将TCP/IP从连接的纽带变成了全球标准。IP网络吞噬了网络业务,如今几乎没有非IP网络存在。
考虑到技术行业对标准化的热爱,对此不应感到惊讶,同样地,如果区块链网络也出现同样的情况,我们也不应感到惊讶。由于任何网络的价值都随着互联而增长,这种方法很可能成为那些不久前还在吹嘘自己是“以太坊杀手”的困境中的第一层解决方案的救命稻草。
L2专用网络
并非所有的L2(二层网络)解决方案和侧链都相同,最近我一直在思考这个第二层生态系统可能以哪些不同的方式发展。有许多高度专业化的子生态系统可能会出现。例如,在EY,我们将工业公司视为我们OpsChain解决方案的用户,帮助他们管理库存和跟踪碳排放。当我们进行扩展规划时,我们讨论的交易量非常大。例如,我们的一位客户要求我们考虑如何处理单一产品线每天的50万个单位(每个都是唯一的且序列化的)。
对于每天移动的这50万个单位,平均在生产和最终消费之间要进行3到4次的移动,我们可以考虑单一产品线每天平均进行200万次NFT交易。对于这类客户来说,隐私(将详细的业务运营数据保密,不让竞争对手知晓)和可扩展性是最重要的优先事项——他们需要可靠的高吞吐量和低交易成本。毫不奇怪,由EY开发并贡献到公共领域的L2网络Nightfall就是为了实现这一目标而设计的。
对我们今天使用的那些酷炫的专用区块链说出告别吧。
金融交易将具有非常不同的第二层解决方案需求。一些交易,比如交换交易,可能只是在寻找高交易量和低成本的滚动方案,而复杂的DeFi(去中心化金融)智能合约还需要支持完整以太坊虚拟机(EVM)兼容性的网络,以便智能合约可以在区块链上运行。
而且,我不会感到惊讶如果看到高度专业化的国家、地区或身份验证网络的出现,其中所有参与者不仅为人所知,而且都被识别并受到相同的监管规则约束。想象一下,只对美国“人士”(公民或居民)开放的第二层解决方案。这将允许所有这些人之间以最少的额外验证检查进行各种各样的资产交易,它们可能很快会在欧盟内部或其他主要司法管辖区内出现。
互联的价值
随着所有这些专业化网络的出现,您可能会想知道是否有必要通过以太坊将它们全部连接起来。除了纯粹的EVM兼容性之外,互联的价值在于能够将产品和服务从一个生态系统流向另一个生态系统。没有真正的、现代的经济体系是真正孤立的。每个商业合同都以支付结束,各种类型的金融服务都支持着所有这些合同,国家和生态系统之间的金融流动支撑着所有的贸易和投资。
而且,我们可能永远无法构建一个单一的网络,能够支持所有不同类型的交易和全球范围内的交易量。因此,将始终存在多个网络,并且即使只是在第一层和第二层之间连接时,网络之间也会存在摩擦。即便如此,将以太坊作为连接多个专业化网络的第一层将带来巨大的好处。例如,工业产品代币可以离开专业制造网络,以来自面向金融的第二层的支付作为交换,但在两个第二层网络之间具有连续的数字记录,并由以太坊作为第一层连接,比今天商业世界中存在的任何集成都要高出一个数量级。
以太坊吞噬整个世界的一个缺点是,类似于今天的网络行业,某些可用的网络功能将变化较小。为了实现互操作性,代币和智能合约基本上必须在任何地方都是相同的,每条链都必须是一个EVM链。虽然你可以拥有跨链开发系统,可以在多样化的生态系统上运行,但这并没有多大用处,因为你的代币和智能合约会变得无法使用,而特定网络的独特和特殊功能实际上永远不会被使用。
从技术领域得出的一个重要教训是,一次又一次地,通用基础设施比专用基础设施更成功,即使专用基础设施实际上更适合特定的工作。在TCP/IP吞噬了整个网络世界之前,曾经有专门用于语音通话的专用网络。它们被称为电路交换网络,它们可以保证电话通话的质量。没有延迟、没有中断、没有丢失的数据包,只是两部电话之间不断连接的电路。相比之下,VoIP电话通话在质量上退步很大,但它们现在已经占据了超过99%的电话通话份额。 
所以,和我们今天使用的那些酷炫的专用区块链告别吧,我敢打赌它们很快就会成为历史。

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