以太坊合并将近:五个你最关心的问题与答案

吴说区块链Published on 2022-04-08Last updated on 2022-04-08

Abstract

随着以太坊合并(TheMerge)的临近,社区对合并的相关影响以及未来以太坊的路线规划愈发频繁。

随着以太坊合并(TheMerge)的临近,社区对合并的相关影响以及未来以太坊的路线规划愈发频繁。本文,我们便围绕这一主旨,提炼出五大常见问题,为大家画画重点。

1、什么时候合并?

目前没有确定的官宣时间,只是社区普遍认为在6~8月,因为预计难度炸弹将于6月底引爆。

那有没有可能推迟?有可能。

以太坊基金会社区经历TimBeiko近期曾表示,在4月中旬,他将与社区讨论是否有必要再次推迟难度炸弹。安全稳定合并的优先级势必是要高于快速实现合并,另外他也表示,虽然以往难度炸弹推迟都是6个月左右,但是只要各方面合适,推迟一两个月也是可以的。

2、为什么说:合并后ETH通胀率下降90%,价格TOTHEMOON?

以太坊合并其实也是从PoW过渡为PoS。

PoW下的以太坊,是以区块奖励的形式进行ETH增发,目前年通胀率约4.3%;

PoS下的以太坊,将以质押奖励的形式进行ETH增发,不过质押奖励是根据质押总量动态调整的,这里假设质押量为1千万ETH,那么年通胀率约0.43%;(注意:通胀率随着质押量的上涨而上涨,所以具体的年通胀率是会变化的)

在这种假设下,ETH的通胀率将下降90%,相当于完成三次减半。

另外,在EIP1559的配合下,手续费销毁的ETH有可能超过新增发的ETH,实现ETH的通缩,对价格是长期的利好。

3、相反观点,合并后ETH将迎来巨大抛盘,为什么?

持有这种观点的人,主要是认为前期质押进信标链存款合约的大量ETH成本极低,存在数倍的盈利,合并后提款获利砸盘的可能性很大。

的确是存在这种可能性,但是我们可以结合以下几个因素综合考虑:

激活提款这个功能目前是被纳入到上海升级中,上海升级将是合并后的第一个硬分叉,鉴于当前时间的不确定性以及行情可能的熊性(即使近期回暖),急于获利了结的投资者可以通过衍生品以及场外交易进行对冲。

类似于存款排队,提款也需要排队,大约每天最多只能有1125个验证器提款(合计3.8wETH)。

目前市场上已经有很多类似Lido的流动性质押方案,部分质押者其实可以随时退出。

出现大量提款时,质押收益会升高,进而吸引投资者存款。

4、合并后质押收益有望接近10%?怎么算的?

是有可能的。要知道,合并后,质押收益的来源将有三种:

质押通胀奖励

手续费收入

MEV

具体数据我们参考以太坊研究员JustinÐrake的推算模型,便可以推算出9.6%的年化收益。

不过值得注意的是,这只是合并早期我们理想的收益率,长期来看,收益率可能在3.3%~5.4%之间波动。

5、以太坊最新的未来路线规划是怎样的?

总体来说,关于ETH2.0(其实基金会已经取消这种叫法)的路线图其实已经改变过两次。

最开始,ETH2.0的路线图是经典的三阶段:

Phase0:以PoS为共识机制的信标链

Phase1:数据分片,但不包括计算分片

Phase2:为所有分片增加执行功能(计算分片)

但是2020年11月18日,在以太坊基金会的ETH2.0研究团队的第五次AMA活动中,V神已经明确表示,ETH2.0路线图已发生变化,将以Rollup为中心推进ETH2.0的实施:

暂时不再强调Phase2的重要性,主推Phase1实现数据分片,以实现分片Rollup;当前以太坊的TPS大约为15~45,使用Rollup可以提升吞吐量100倍,同时64个分片以太坊网络吞吐量即可提高64倍,两者叠加,即分片Rullup可实现6400倍的扩容。

信标链将具备执行功能,即PoS合并之后,信标链区块将直接包含交易。

而近期,在分片方案上也有了一些更新,未来以太坊更有可能采用名为Danksharding的分片方案,该方案能够有效优化跨域MEV问题,同时更有助于分片Rollup的实施。

不过在此之前,我们先来了解一下V神针对跨域MEV问题提出的PBS(proposer-builderseparation,区块提议者与构建者分离)解决方案。

在以前的模式中,矿工负责出块,他们从内存池中挑选交易进行排序并纳入区块,同时他们也有权利审查某些交易。

而在PBS的设计中,将这一职责划分为两个角色:区块提议者和区块构建者。

区块提议者负责从内存池中收入交易,并创建一个包含区块交易信息的列表crList传递给区块构建者们。区块构建者们以最大化MEV为目的对crList中的交易进行重新排序并构建区块,然后再向区块提议者提交他们的出价,而区块提议者就会选择出价最高者为有效的区块。

在了解了PBS后,我们再来了解Danksharding就更为轻松了。

我们以前的分片方案为平行数据分片模式,即每个分片和信标链都有独立的验证者,虽然独立的验证者更有利于去中心化,但是在当前MEV盛行的背景下,在利润的驱动下势必会导致区块生产者的中心化(例如同个实体下运行着大量验证节点,有利于MEV)。Danksharding除了采用了上文提及的PBS架构外,还做出了一个改变,即所有的信标区块和分片数据都会被一个由验证者组成的委员会进行统一验证。

这种设计严格来说是对分片的一种简化,分片之间没有了复杂的数据访问同步问题,具备许多有优点:

能够有效降低网络工作量(近百倍);

L1与L2的数据同步加快;

crList能够使L1上实现即刻交易确认;

MEV市场化,解决潜在的验证者中心化问题

因此,目前来说,以太坊的最新路线规划可以概况为以Rollup为中心+Danksharding。不过Danksharding尚在理论阶段,整体路线未来或许还会有所变动。

Trending Cryptos

Related Reads

Miners Advised Not to Buy GPUs for AI and to Focus on Infrastructure

A founder at an energy investment forum advises bitcoin miners not to purchase GPUs for AI themselves, but to instead focus on infrastructure like power and data center space. Mike Alfred of Alpine Fox stated that while AI infrastructure demand is a long-term, 20-30 year trend, it presents a key choice for miners. The first, riskier model involves owning and operating GPUs, which requires financing expensive hardware that quickly becomes obsolete. The second, more conservative model is akin to real estate: providing colocation services where clients bring their own servers, and the miner sells space, power, cooling, and water. Alfred noted this model is easier to finance. Most existing bitcoin mining sites are difficult and expensive to convert for AI, as AI data centers require far higher construction costs, redundant fiber connections, backup power, complex cooling, and near 100% uptime. A hybrid model, where mining acts as a flexible load to use excess power during AI data center construction or from generation facilities, was discussed. However, participants concluded this is only viable with very cheap power; otherwise, developers are better off focusing solely on AI. Miners are increasingly being evaluated for their available power capacity and project portfolios rather than just bitcoin output. Panelists also warned of risks in the AI sector, predicting at least one major default or contract breach among AI tenants, lenders, or landlords before bitcoin's next halving in 2028.

cryptonews.ru7m ago

Miners Advised Not to Buy GPUs for AI and to Focus on Infrastructure

cryptonews.ru7m ago

Millisecond 'Pay-to-Cut': How Did Hyperliquid's Priority Fee Turn into a Multi-Million Dollar Business?

"Millisecond 'Paid Queue-Jumping': How Hyperliquid's Priority Fee Became a Multi-Million Dollar Annual Business" In traditional finance, high-frequency trading firms spend millions on infrastructure for millisecond advantages. Hyperliquid has translated this race onto the blockchain with its "Priority Fee" system, creating an open economic game for speed. This system auctions two types of priority: **Gossip Priority** for faster data feeds (via a Dutch auction every 3 minutes), and **Order Priority** for front-of-queue trade execution (users bid a fee for lower latency). This converts a hardware race into a transparent, market-priced mechanism. Since launch, this feature has generated over $5M in protocol revenue. Projected annualized buybacks from this income exceed $30M, accounting for ~7% of total protocol revenue. The demand stems from large traders and market makers on Hyperliquid, for whom milliseconds can mean the difference between profit/loss or avoiding liquidation. Market makers pay these fees as "protection" to ensure their orders execute first, which in turn improves liquidity for all users. Crucially, Hyperliquid internalizes Maximum Extractable Value (MEV) that typically leaks to external validators or searchers, creating a new revenue stream beyond trading fees. The mechanism also strengthens HYPE's tokenomics. While 97% of trading fees fund secondary market buybacks (via the Assistance Fund), Priority Fees are **directly burned**, adding a second deflationary engine. Furthermore, fees for order priority are deducted from users' undelegated HYPE balances, encouraging large traders to hold and lock up tokens, reducing circulating supply. However, a key challenge remains: balancing the speed needs of institutional players with fair market access for retail users, as those who cannot pay high fees may suffer worse slippage during volatility. In summary, Hyperliquid's Priority Fee is a novel model that monetizes latency, captures MEV for the protocol, and enhances its native token's value through burning and lock-ups.

marsbit12m ago

Millisecond 'Pay-to-Cut': How Did Hyperliquid's Priority Fee Turn into a Multi-Million Dollar Business?

marsbit12m ago

The Truth Behind Digital Banking: The Fragile Ecosystem Supporting 1.46 Billion Users

The article "The Truth About Digital Banks: The Fragile Ecosystem Behind 1.46 Billion Users" provides a data-driven analysis of the digital banking sector based on a verified list of 368 active neobanks as of July 2026. While these platforms collectively serve 1.46 billion users, with Asia (817 million users) and institutions like WeBank and Nubank dominating the landscape, the sector faces significant structural vulnerabilities. A key finding is that only 127 of the 368 neobanks hold full banking licenses. The majority operate atop third-party infrastructure providers like Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) platforms, creating systemic risk where the failure of a single provider, as seen in past cases like Wirecard and Synapse, can jeopardize multiple consumer brands. Furthermore, the industry experiences a steady, quiet stream of failures, mergers, and shutdowns that often go unreported. The analysis also examines the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), finding only 67 platforms (18%) have deployed AI at scale, with many innovators based in emerging markets like Nigeria and the Philippines. The infrastructure layer is highly concentrated, with 106 providers supporting the entire ecosystem of 368 consumer-facing brands. The article concludes with three predictions: the unlicensed gap will close through acquisitions or exits; an AI credit model is likely to fail in the next economic downturn; and a nascent but significant trend is the emergence of financial services designed for AI agents rather than humans.

marsbit28m ago

The Truth Behind Digital Banking: The Fragile Ecosystem Supporting 1.46 Billion Users

marsbit28m ago

Digital Asset Trading Platform Uphold Cuts 17% of Global Workforce Amid 'Crypto Winter'

Cryptocurrency trading platform Uphold has laid off approximately 17% of its global workforce, affecting 85 full-time employees and contractors. The cuts are part of a strategic shift to reallocate resources towards its rapidly growing corporate services business, as retail cryptocurrency trading activity has declined amid the ongoing market downturn. CEO Simon McLaughlin stated the company is restructuring after years of significant growth and remains confident in the long-term prospects of digital assets and blockchain technology. Founded in 2015, Uphold offers trading and custody services for cryptocurrencies, fiat, stocks, and precious metals. It has recently expanded to provide infrastructure for banks, fintech firms, and broker-dealers to integrate crypto services. The layoffs occur against a backdrop of a prolonged crypto market slump, with total market capitalization falling to around $2.1 trillion by Q2 2024. Factors include weakened trading volumes, reduced retail participation, interest rate hikes, geopolitical uncertainty, and net outflows from U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs. Uphold clarified it is not shutting down its UK operations or any international offices. The company highlighted strong growth in its corporate platform and announced plans to evolve its consumer app into a broader blockchain-based financial assistant by 2026, offering U.S. stocks, tokenized securities, lending, credit cards, and DeFi yield opportunities.

cryptonews.ru28m ago

Digital Asset Trading Platform Uphold Cuts 17% of Global Workforce Amid 'Crypto Winter'

cryptonews.ru28m ago

Trading

Spot

Hot Articles

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of ETH (ETH) are presented below.

活动图片