USDC脱锚事件后的DeFi未来,「链上金融」or完全去中心化?

区块律动Published on 2023-03-16Last updated on 2023-03-16

Abstract

尽管我们继续使用「DeFi」这个术语,但我们应该意识到它更准确地代表了「链上金融」的概念,其中包括去中心化和中心化两种元素。

USDC 脱锚引发了市场对 DeFi 未来发展的重大担忧和质疑。由于 DeFi 生态系统严重依赖 USDC,因此评估未来的潜在解决方案至关重要。

我认为我们有两条路可供 DeFi 社区选择:将 DeFi 重新定义为「链上金融」(on-chain finance),或全面拥抱去中心化。

一、将 DeFi 更名为「链上金融」

DeFi 依赖于像稳定币、预言机和 Web2 基础设施等这样的中心化组件,这使它容易受到潜在的政府打压的影响。

USDC 本身被认为是最安全的抵押品,以至于 Compound v2 把 USDC 的价值直接锁定为 1 美元。

现在我们意识到,对 USDC 的信任最终依赖于对传统金融银行体系和政府的信任。如果政府真的想关闭(大部分)DeFi,他们是可以做到的。

目前,DeFi 在每个级别上都意味着是去中心化和可信任的,因此即使是一个中心化的组件也会影响整个协议的安全性。

所以通过将 DeFi 更名为「链上金融」,行业可以在承认中心化的同时保持关键优势,如自我监管、增加流动性、可组合性和单一数据来源(不可逆转的交易)。

「链上金融」的好处将越来越明显:

流动性增加(买方市场扩大);

可组合性增强(新金融产品);

单一数据来源(降低对账成本);

像 FRAX 这样的例子表明,项目可以朝着「链上金融」的方向发展,而无需完全拥抱去中心化:

Frax Finance 的目标是通过申请美联储主账户(FMA),以尽可能接近美联储(Foresight News 注,美联储主账户允许持有美元并直接与美联储进行交易),从而摆脱将 USDC 作为抵押品的局限以及银行倒闭的风险,并将市值扩大到数千亿美元,使 FRAX 成为最接近无风险美元的东西。

这意味着即使有一些中心化的组件,FRAX 等项目仍然可以从 DeFi 基础设施中受益。

这是因为 DeFi 生态系统可以最大程度地实现无需信任的环境,从而最大程度地减少了对人类干预的需求。

以 Uniswap 为例:其代码被设计为不可变的,这使得像 FRAX 这样的资产可以在链上进行交易而不受任何审查。

然而值得注意的是,Uniswap 的用户界面仍然是中心化的,因此容易受到监管压力的影响。

这凸显了 DeFi 项目必须在提供去中心化优势和应对监管合规复杂性之间保持微妙平衡。

因此,DeFi 的所有元素和协议可能永远无法完全实现去中心化或抗审查,因此将像 USDC 这样的Token视为风险资产,将 DeFi 视为「链上金融」,可以帮助解决这种困惑和道德困境。

二、拥抱完全去中心化

第二个选择是让 DeFi 社区移除中心化元素,变得像比特币一样去中心化。

这将涉及用比特币或以太坊这样的抗审查抵押品来取代 USDC,譬如 Liquity 的 LUSD、Maker 的 DAI 和 Tornado Cash 等项目,就是朝这一方向努力的典型例子。

Liquity 的 LUSD

Liquity 的 LUSD 是一个典型的采用更去中心化方法的项目。

在 USDC 崩溃期间,LUSD 展示了其作为避险资产的价值,在市场动荡中提供了稳定性,这就像当前传统金融体系中的瑞士法郎。

然而,我们必须要认识到,即使是具有去中心化特性的 LUSD,也依赖于价格预言机,而这些预言机在极端情况下可能会被操纵

这凸显了 DeFi 项目在追求完全去中心化的同时,为其用户确保安全性和可靠性所面临的持续挑战和复杂性。

Maker 的 DAI

MakerDAO 对 DAI 的愿景是将其构建为一种完全去中心化和公正的全球货币。

为了实现这一点,Maker 打算逐步停止使用 USDC 等容易被扣押的抵押品,以确保货币有更大的弹性和更安全的基础,这需要其在必要时放弃锚定美元的汇率制度。

最近在 DeFi 生态系统因对 USDC 的大量依赖已经敲响了警钟,促使 MakerDAO 加速实现这一使命。

Tornado Cash

Tornado Cash 证明了实现完全去中心化是可能的,尽管代价很高。

作为一个成功的隐私工具,Tornado Cash 为发送者和接收者混淆交易数据,并且其总锁定价值(TVL)已经达到 2.47 亿美元。

不幸的是,这种程度的去中心化对该项目的开发者来说代价很高,最终他因涉嫌洗钱而面临监禁。

去中心化的高昂成本

Tornado Cash 这一案例向 DeFi 生态系统提出了关键的问题:

创始人是否愿意承担完全去中心化所带来的风险?

如果完全去中心化会使用户的钱包面临被列入黑名单的风险,那么用户是否会愿意与完全去中心化的应用进行交互?

虽然并不是每个 DeFi DApp 都会被监管机构视为威胁,但监管机构干预的可能性仍然是行业面临的一个永久性问题。事实上,最近对稳定币的打击正在推动 DeFi 走向去中心化。

随着 DeFi 领域的不断发展,在去中心化和合规性之间取得平衡,对于这些项目的长期成功和可持续性至关重要。

DAO 中的「D」

例如,想象一下,如果美国政府要求将 DAI 列入黑名单。

那 Decentralized Autonomous Organizations(DAO)们,如允许创建无需许可的流动性池的 Curve 将如何回应这一要求,Aave 呢?

面对这个困境,Curve DAO 会选择在智能合约层面阻止 DAI 还是冒着自己被列入黑名单的风险?

在全面去中心化的 DeFi 领域中寻找平衡并非易事,项目必须仔细平衡其对去中心化的承诺与应对潜在监管挑战和维护可持续生态系统的需求。

DeFi 的双向未来

事实上,整个 DeFi 生态系统还有第三种选择。

DeFi 可能会像现在的互联网一样,同时朝着两个方向发展:虽然大多数用户通过受监管的服务访问互联网,但追求隐私的个人可以使用暗网来提高匿名性。

DeFi 协议可能存在着不同程度的去中心化和监管合规性。

例如,Uniswap 接口可能会被审查,阻止对特定 Token 的访问,但是社区可以创建自己的用户界面,因为代码是不可变和非歧视性的。

金融的未来

最近的 USDC 崩溃事件为 DeFi 社区敲响了警钟,因为风险源于传统金融银行,这一事件使得人们清楚地认识到,DeFi 并不像我们曾经想象的那样去中心化。

但是「DeFi」这个术语已经深入人心,不太可能被轻易替代。

尽管如此,DAO 必须停止延续完全去中心化的幻想,并开始承认现实情况。

实际上,尽管我们继续使用「DeFi」这个术语,但我们应该意识到它更准确地代表了「链上金融」的概念,其中包括去中心化和中心化两种元素。

只有接受这种理解,DeFi 社区才可以努力构建一个更具弹性和透明度的生态系统。

Trending Cryptos

Related Reads

Frequent Trading Halts in the Korean Stock Market: Is a Global Financial Crisis Really Coming?

**Title: Frequent Circuit Breakers in South Korean Stock Market: Is a Global Financial Crisis Imminent?** This article examines the recent spate of trading halts in South Korea's stock market as a potential early warning sign for broader global financial instability. The author argues that due to its highly open and liquid capital markets with significant foreign ownership, South Korea often acts as the world's "spare cash pool." International institutions tend to sell their highly liquid Korean holdings first during global liquidity crunches to raise capital for domestic needs, irrespective of Korea's own economic fundamentals. Historically, Korean market stress preceded major crises like the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, the 2000 Dot-com crash, the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, and the 2020 pandemic crash. The current trigger involves a semiconductor bubble and high domestic leverage, but the core issue is global capital withdrawal signaling tightening liquidity. Whether this evolves into a full-blown crisis hinges on the US Federal Reserve. If the Fed can and will intervene with supportive policies (like rate cuts), a crisis might be averted as in 2020. If not, contagion could spread. For individual investors, the key takeaway is not predicting the crisis but preparing for volatility. Recommendations include: avoiding high leverage, maintaining a significant cash reserve (e.g., 40%) for buying opportunities during market declines, and holding core long-term positions (e.g., 60% in indices like S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100). The author advocates for consistent investment through strategies like dollar-cost averaging, emphasizing that staying invested over decades has historically yielded positive returns despite high valuations or periodic crashes. The conclusion is to stay in the market, manage risk, and have dry powder ready instead of attempting to time the market perfectly.

marsbit3m ago

Frequent Trading Halts in the Korean Stock Market: Is a Global Financial Crisis Really Coming?

marsbit3m ago

Ethereum Startup EthSystems Bets on Privacy as Key to Luring Banks to Public Blockchains

EthSystems, a startup spun out of the Ethereum Foundation, posits that privacy, not scalability, is the primary barrier preventing financial institutions from adopting public blockchains. The company builds privacy infrastructure for banks, asset managers, and governments looking to use Ethereum for tokenized assets, stablecoins, and other financial applications. Unlike projects creating new blockchains, EthSystems helps institutions deploy privacy technologies directly on Ethereum, keeping transaction data confidential while settling on the mainnet. Co-founder Mo Jaleel explains that financial institutions require control over who sees transaction data, not necessarily anonymity. While competitors like Canton Network and protocols like Aztec also work on private transactions for enterprises, EthSystems differentiates itself by advising on architecture, building custom infrastructure, and publishing open-source research. It aims to collaborate with existing privacy projects rather than rebuild the entire stack. The decision to become a commercial entity stemmed from institutional demand for production-ready solutions, which the team couldn't fulfill within the non-profit Ethereum Foundation. According to Jaleel, operating as a business facilitates funding and participation in large institutions' procurement processes. He notes a shift in client conversations from experimental innovation teams to core business units now seeking to place real assets and financial flows on-chain. EthSystems argues that the key to bridging public blockchains and institutional needs lies in cryptography and privacy.

cryptonews.ru10m ago

Ethereum Startup EthSystems Bets on Privacy as Key to Luring Banks to Public Blockchains

cryptonews.ru10m ago

Russia Establishes New Rules for Digital Depository Ahead of Cryptocurrency System Deployment

Russia is creating new rules for digital depositaries ahead of the launch of its cryptocurrency system. The proposals will extend existing securities market regulations—covering trading, custody, record-keeping, and disclosure—to digital assets. Within this framework, regulated "digital depositaries" will be established to register holdings of cryptocurrency and other digital assets. Their capital requirements will range from 50 million rubles ($570,000) to 250 million rubles ($2.8 million), depending on services provided. Settlement depositaries require the highest capital (250 million rubles), with lower thresholds for firms controlling crypto addresses or using foreign depositaries (100 million rubles) and for other digital depositaries (50 million rubles). Assets counted toward capital must be liquid and meet the central bank's credit quality standards. These rules will also apply to operators of electronic platforms trading digital financial assets. The Bank of Russia will maintain registers for these depositaries, crypto exchange operators, and issuers of digital financial assets. The regulations are based on a digital assets bill passed by parliament in July, with the full crypto system expected by September. The proposals are currently open for public feedback. This announcement follows the European Union's latest sanctions package targeting 14 crypto firms.

cryptonews.ru12m ago

Russia Establishes New Rules for Digital Depository Ahead of Cryptocurrency System Deployment

cryptonews.ru12m ago

Trading

Spot

Hot Articles

What is USDC(WORMHOLE)

USD Coin (Wormhole): A Comprehensive Overview Introduction In the rapidly evolving world of cryptocurrencies, USD Coin (Wormhole), referred to as $USDC(Wormhole), stands out as a pioneering solution within the DeFi (Decentralized Finance) landscape. Operating on several blockchain platforms, including Solana, USD Coin (Wormhole) is more than just a digital representation of the United States dollar. It embodies the innovative spirit of modern finance, enabling seamless cross-chain transactions and enhanced interoperability among diverse blockchain ecosystems through the advanced Wormhole protocol. What is USD Coin (Wormhole)? USD Coin (Wormhole) is a tokenized version of the US dollar designed to facilitate frictionless transactions across different blockchain networks. Its primary aim is to bolster liquidity and enhance the functionality of the DeFi ecosystem. By leveraging the Wormhole protocol, which establishes a robust cross-chain communication network, users can effortlessly transfer USDC tokens across various platforms. This cross-chain capability marks a significant advancement in cryptocurrency use, promoting a more interconnected and efficient ecosystem where assets can flow freely between different blockchains. The value proposition of USD Coin (Wormhole) lies not only in its stability, being pegged to the US dollar, but also in its ability to bridge gaps between disparate blockchain environments. This innovative approach fosters a greater level of participation among users and developers, paving the way for new and exciting applications within decentralized finance. Who is the creator of USD Coin (Wormhole)? The origins of USD Coin (Wormhole) are intricately tied to the Wormhole network, which was developed by Jump Crypto. While specific individual creators are not prominently documented, Jump Crypto is notable for its involvement in advancing blockchain technology and supporting its applications in finance. By creating the Wormhole network, Jump Crypto has played a vital role in promoting cross-chain asset transfers, enhancing the efficiency and diversity of cryptocurrency usage. Who are the investors of USD Coin (Wormhole)? The success of USD Coin (Wormhole) is supported by investments from several notable funds and organizations within the cryptocurrency realm. Key investors include: Coinbase Ventures: A prominent venture capital arm backed by one of the leading cryptocurrency exchanges in the industry, Coinbase Ventures provides essential capital and strategic support to promising blockchain projects. Arrington XRP Capital: Specializing in digital assets, Arrington XRP Capital recognizes the potential of innovative projects like USD Coin (Wormhole) and has invested accordingly to back its development. Jump Trading: As the parent organization of Jump Crypto, Jump Trading brings not only investment but a wealth of expertise in trading technology and market dynamics to bolster the Wormhole project. How Does USD Coin (Wormhole) Work? The operational framework of USD Coin (Wormhole) is intricately designed to facilitate effective cross-chain transactions, maximizing security and efficiency. Here’s a simplified overview of how it functions: Asset Locking: When a user wishes to transfer USDC from one blockchain to another, they first lock their tokens on the source blockchain. This process ensures that the assets are secure and are set to be either burned or moved later. Token Minting: After the tokens are locked, an equivalent amount of USDC is minted on the destination blockchain. This provides the user with access to their funds on a new platform, reflecting the flexibility that the Wormhole protocol enables. Cross-Chain Transfer: The Wormhole protocol efficiently facilitates the entire transfer process. It ensures that once the USDC is minted on the destination chain, the equivalent tokens are burned on the source chain. The result is a seamless transfer of value between two distinct blockchain environments. This cross-chain methodology ensures that transactions remain secure and transparent, significantly enhancing liquidity within the different DeFi ecosystems. Timeline of USD Coin (Wormhole) Understanding the evolution of USD Coin (Wormhole) provides vital context for its significance in the cryptocurrency arena. Here’s a timeline highlighting important milestones in the project’s history: 2021: The Wormhole project is launched, establishing a framework for cross-chain asset transfers and setting the stage for the development of USD Coin (Wormhole). 2022: The Wormhole network experiences a significant challenge with a security breach that results in a $325 million theft. However, the incident is later addressed and refunded by Jump Crypto, showcasing the project’s commitment to security and transparency. 2023: USD Coin (Wormhole) integrates with Circle’s Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP), enhancing its capabilities for cross-chain transfers and further solidifying its place within the DeFi ecosystem. 2024: Ongoing development and expansion of the Wormhole network continue, aimed at increasing the utility and reach of USD Coin (Wormhole) as well as enhancing its operational framework. Key Features The success of USD Coin (Wormhole) can be attributed to several key features that differentiate it from other cryptocurrency offerings: Cross-Chain Interoperability At the core of USD Coin (Wormhole) is its ability to facilitate seamless transfers across multiple blockchain networks. This interoperability serves as a cornerstone for decentralized finance, allowing various platforms to interact with each other, thereby accelerating the evolution of financial services. Security Wormhole employs a well-designed Guardian Network comprised of node validators that ensure secure cross-chain transactions. This collective oversight minimizes the risk of fraud and provides users with confidence that their assets are protected during cross-chain transfers. Liquidity Enhancement By enabling USDC to circulate freely across different blockchains, USD Coin (Wormhole) enhances liquidity in the DeFi ecosystem. This increased liquidity can foster more efficient trading, contribute to better pricing strategies, and improve the overall market dynamics encompassing various digital assets. Conclusion USD Coin (Wormhole) is a pivotal innovation in the blockchain space, reinforcing the capabilities of decentralized finance (DeFi) and establishing a more connected financial ecosystem. With its robust framework for cross-chain transactions, security features, and strong backing from reputable investors, USD Coin (Wormhole) is positioned to play a key role in the future of cryptocurrency. As the digital finance landscape continues to evolve, USD Coin (Wormhole) not only embraces the future of interconnectivity among blockchain networks but also reaffirms the power of tokenization and blockchain technology in transforming how we perceive and utilize value in a digital world. By navigating the complexities of cross-chain functionality, it demonstrates a sophisticated approach to enabling financial inclusivity and innovation in the world of cryptocurrencies.

1.5k Total ViewsPublished 2024.04.01Updated 2024.12.03

What is USDC(WORMHOLE)

What is $USDC

Classic USDC: A Comprehensive Overview Introduction to Classic USDC In the rapidly evolving landscape of the cryptocurrency market, stablecoins have emerged as critical components, particularly in providing stability amid the volatility that characterizes digital assets. One such project is Classic USDC, a digital currency initiative that aims to deliver a stable and reliable medium of exchange. By maintaining a 1:1 peg with the US dollar, Classic USDC strives to offer users a dependable digital asset, equipped for various applications within the web3 and cryptocurrency ecosystems. What is Classic USDC? Classic USDC is fundamentally a stablecoin, which is a type of cryptocurrency designed to minimize the price volatility typically seen in the digital asset market. Specifically, Classic USDC aspires to represent the value of the US dollar closely, ensuring that users can leverage this digital currency for transactions, savings, and other financial activities without the fear of sudden price fluctuations that can otherwise plague many cryptocurrencies. The primary aim of Classic USDC is to provide a reliable and trustworthy digital equivalent of the US dollar, designed for seamless integration into a wide range of web3 applications, decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, and other crypto-related financial systems. By delivering a stable digital currency, Classic USDC seeks to facilitate everyday commerce, make blockchain technology more user-friendly, and encourage the adoption of cryptocurrencies for mainstream usage. Creator of Classic USDC The identity of the creator or the development team behind Classic USDC remains largely unknown, and the lack of transparency has led to a degree of uncertainty regarding the project’s origins. While many cryptocurrency initiatives prominently showcase their founders and development teams, Classic USDC does not provide clear information about its creators, which poses challenges for potential users or investors weighing the project's credibility and reliability. Investors of Classic USDC Alongside the ambiguity surrounding its creators, Classic USDC also lacks specificity with regards to its investors. The financial backing of a project can often lend it credibility and stabilize its operations; however, the absence of documented investment foundations or organizations supporting Classic USDC raises questions about its funding structure. This lack of clarity could potentially hinder stakeholder confidence in the project. How Does Classic USDC Work? The operational mechanics of Classic USDC rely heavily on its reserve system, which is fundamental to the underpinnings of any stablecoin. Classic USDC undertakes to maintain a reserve of assets that directly correspond to the value of the digital currency in circulation. Specifically, for every Classic USDC token issued, an equivalent amount of backing assets is retained in reserve, whether in cash or near-cash equivalents. This strategy is designed to uphold the value of Classic USDC, offering reassurance to users that redeeming their tokens for US dollars is feasible at any time. This reserve structure aims to enhance the stability and reliability of Classic USDC, positioning it as a secure alternative in the cryptocurrency market. By ensuring that the value of Classic USDC is consistently correlated with the US dollar, the project aspires to engender trust among users who may be wary of the broader market dynamics. Timeline of Classic USDC The history of Classic USDC is marked by several key milestones that reflect its journey and evolution within the cryptocurrency ecosystem: 2021: The inception of Classic USDC is noted, introducing a new digital currency option designed for stability. During this year, the first records of the token’s activity surfaced and its initial price levels were established. 2024: Classic USDC begins to experience notable price fluctuations, as the crypto market overall grapples with various trends and user sentiment. Predictions regarding its future potential emerge, indicating a strong interest from market observers and analysts who foresee growth opportunities. Future Projections Experts speculate that Classic USDC may reach higher levels of adoption and stability in the years to come, with potential further developments anticipated around 2025 and 2026. However, these projections should be approached with cautious optimism, as the cryptocurrency market is inherently unpredictable, and various external factors may influence the trajectory of Classic USDC. Key Points About Classic USDC Stability: Classic USDC’s core proposition revolves around providing a digital currency that parallels the value of the US dollar, thereby ensuring stability in an often volatile marketplace. Reserve System: The project’s commitment to maintaining a reserve of assets to back its value underscores its reliability and operational soundness. Web3 and Crypto Integration: Classic USDC is engineered to facilitate easy integration within various applications, aiming to enhance the user experience and broaden the acceptance of cryptocurrency in everyday transactions. Future Growth Potential: While still emerging, Classic USDC holds prospective avenues for growth as awareness and utilization of stablecoins increases in the web3 and crypto contexts. Conclusion Classic USDC presents itself as a notable stablecoin initiative within the cryptocurrency sphere, striving to provide users with a reliable digital currency that embodies the stability of the US dollar. Despite uncertainties regarding its creators and financial backing, the underpinning principles of Classic USDC—centered on reserve-backed assurances—endeavour to position it as a trustworthy option for individuals and businesses navigating the digital economy. With an eye towards the future, market analysts are keen to observe how Classic USDC evolves in response to the shifting dynamics of the cryptocurrency landscape, potentially establishing itself as a significant player in the realm of stablecoins.

805 Total ViewsPublished 2024.05.01Updated 2024.12.03

What is $USDC

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of USDC (USDC) are presented below.

活动图片