比特币跌破20000美元,硅谷银行连累了加密市场?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2023-03-10Last updated on 2023-03-10

Abstract

别急着抄底。

最近一周,或许是加密市场自 FTX 崩溃以来最糟糕的一周。

在拜登的最新预算案和 Silvergate 的倒闭风波之后,硅谷银行为加密市场再次带来重磅冲击。在不明朗的宏观政策和潜在黑天鹅的双重影响下,比特币近两个月来首次跌破 20, 000 美元。

OKX 欧易行情显示,今天早间,比特币一度跌至 19, 770 美元。目前暂报 20043 美元, 24 小时跌幅 7.38% 。

纵览整个加密市场,主流币集体下跌。Coingecko 数据显示,市值前五十的币种中,除稳定币以外,过去 24 小时几乎无一幸免。两个币种跌幅超过 10% ,分别是:APE(-11.4% )、TRX(-11.3% )。34 个币种跌幅超过 5% 。仅有两个币种逆势上涨,分别为 APT(8.0% )、ATOM(1.8% )。

受整体行情下行影响,整个加密市场市值现约 9360 亿美元,已于 3 月 9 日跌破万亿美元大关。加密用户抛售情绪明显,比特币恐慌与贪婪指数为 34 ,呈明显恐慌。

目前市场的交易热情已与数日前的高亢形成了鲜明的对比。在短暂的时间内发生如此的改变,市场发生了什么?

银行危机波及加密市场

美国为加密货币公司提供服务的主要银行之一 Silvergate 于 3 月 8 日宣布自愿清算,这也是前不久影响加密市场的主要原因之一。

而当这一被称为本轮熊市“最后一雷”的 Silvergate 结束之后,出乎投资者意料的是,加密市场外的危机又再度蔓延。昨日,著名的硅谷银行(Silicon Valley Bank)网站瘫痪,该行客户正努力从他们的银行账户中提取资金。有客户表示,现在只能查看账户访问控制,但无法完成取款或转账。该行 CEO 今早表示,希望客户能保持冷静,该行拥有“充足的流动性”来支持客户。

一时间,硅谷银行股价暴跌逾六成,市值一日蒸发近百亿美元。该银行的爆雷或将引发连锁反应,进而影响整个加密市场。

近期以来,由于美联储的持续加息,美债价格持续走低。随着债券倒挂曲线达到上世纪 80 年代以来的最高水平,金融市场出现了紧张迹象。较长期国债收益率停滞在 4% ,而两年期国债 3 月份的收益率超过 5% 。

昨日深夜,硅谷银行表示,出售了其所有 210 亿美元的可销售证券。而硅谷银行的这一投资组合基本由美国国债和抵押贷款支持证券组成。这也为其带来了约 18 亿美元的税后损失,将在 2023 年第一季度入账。

为了抵消资产出售所带来的损失,SVB 称正在筹集 22.5 亿美元,包括从私募股权公司泛大西洋投资那里筹集 5 亿美元,并向投资者发行 12.5 亿美元的可转换优先股和普通股。

该消息一石激起千层浪。市场纷纷对 SVB 陷入质疑,担心该银行状况进一步恶化,甚至陷入流动性危机。

受此恐慌情绪影响,美国银行股纷纷下挫,美国银行、富国银行跌超 6% ,摩根大通跌超 5% ,花旗集团跌超 4.1% 。费城银行指数暴跌 7.7% 。

硅谷银行引发 FUD

近年来,硅谷银行一直在创投界久负盛名,并在初创企业领域占据了相当大的市场份额。该银行为初创科技公司提供银行和风险贷款服务。

若大量创企被牵连,恐怕会引发企业破产、基金清算、银行破产、科技股泡沫破裂,进而重演本世纪初互联网泡沫破裂之时的恐怖景象。进一步诱发金融危机的风险也并不为零。

而出于对银行挤兑的恐惧,诸多创业者已经开始从这一银行提取资金。包括 Coatue 和 Founders Fund 在内的几家顶级风投公司已向一些公司建议,随着对硅谷银行稳定性的担忧与日俱增,它们会强烈考虑从该行中撤出资金。

Union Square Ventures 则表示,“只在 SVB 现金账户中保留最少的资金”。

Y Combinator 的 CEO 警告其被投初创公司,硅谷银行的偿付能力风险是真实存在的,并暗示他们应该考虑限制对贷方的敞口,最好不要超过 25 万美元。

Tribe Capital 则提出建议:如果无法彻底从硅谷银行提取现金的话,也要撤走部分资金。

富国银行分析师 Mike Mayo 在一份报告中称,硅谷银行的问题似乎是由“缺乏投资多样化”造成的。更高的利率、对经济衰退的担忧以及 IPO 市场的冷清,使得初创公司更难筹集资金。华尔街担忧,硅谷银行只是不幸地遇到了所有不利因素,但也可能成为酿成危机的第一块多米诺骨牌,就像当年的雷曼兄弟一样。

Circle 使用硅谷银行保管储备金

根据 Circle 今年 1 月审计报告内容显示,Circle 在美国多家受监管的金融机构中存有储备金,其中包括硅谷银行(Silicon Valley Bank)以及 Silvergate 等。该报告由德勤审查和证明。此前,Circle 宣布已将 Silvergate 持有的一小部分 USDC 储备转移给其他银行合作伙伴。

据 Circle 2022 年度报告显示,资产储备方面,约 80% 的 USDC 储备是 3 个月期美国国债。到 2023 年 1 月底,将转移这些 Circle 100% 持有的储备由贝莱德管理,由纽约梅隆银行(全球最大的托管人)托管。其余约 20% 为现金,由 8 个受美国监管的银行合作伙伴分别持有。这些储备金由德勤每月审查和证明,目前已发布第一份证明报告。

抄底时刻?

3 月 7 日,在宏观经济形势不断恶化之际,美联储不断鹰派表态。

3 月 8 日,加密友好银行 Silvergate Bank 宣布将自愿进行清算,并结束运营。

3 月 9 日,拜登政府的一份补充预算解释文件显示,根据一项旨在“减少采矿活动”的预算提案,美国加密货币采矿者最终可能需要缴纳 30% 的电力成本税。

近期以来,市场的不确定性和恐慌情绪不断加重。Coinglass 的数据显示,在过去 24 小时内,价格下跌导致超过 1 亿美元的清算。

后市如何发展,是否熊市即将迎来最后时刻?

BitMEX 创始人 Arthur Hayes 发推称,“鲍威尔可能已经刺破了美国的银行系统危机, 2008 年是银行的不良信贷组合,也就是次贷危机。2023 年是银行的长期债券投资组合,如 UST 和 MBS。如果发生大跌,请记住 2020 年 3 月,大跌、救市,然后大涨!?本人已经准备好了。”

加密货币基金管理公司 BitBull Capital 的首席执行官 Joe DiPasquale 则做出分析: “ Silvergate 是比特币下行测试的几个因素之一。除此之外,FOMC 的进一步加息和股市走软、SEC 的审查,都在促进市场下行。综合来看,市场继续收紧并重新测试支撑位。正如我们自 1 月以来所说,我们相信,在再次上涨之前,BTC 将测试 2 万美元以下的支撑位。我们认为 1.8 万美元将是下一个主要支撑水平。”

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