以太坊上海升级将开启提款功能,解析不同情况下的ETH抛压

DeFi之道Published on 2023-02-09Last updated on 2023-02-09

Abstract

温和情况下,每天约1.4万ETH被抛售;激进情况下,每天有约3.2万ETH被抛售。

上海升级完成之后,将会有大量的 ETH 被提取出来,数量可能在 300 万到 600 万之间。

其中多少会被卖出?

我将质押者分成了几个大类,以了解他们卖出 ETH 的能力和意愿,并分析了不同的场景。

本文将告诉你可能发生的情况:

上海升级开放的 ETH 提取功能将是其价格近期最大的阻力,文章将估计他们的潜在抛压。

提醒:提取可以是部分的,也可以是全部的。

部分(PW:Partial Withdrawal)

只提取获得奖励的部分

对余额大于 32 ETH 的活跃验证者进行处理

全部(FW:Full Withdrawal)

验证者余额全部被提取

对推出验证者集的验证者进行处理

届时会有多少 ETH 被提取呢?

假设上海升级发生在今天:

1,021,602 ETH:PW(512,000 个活跃验证者的质押奖励)

37,758 ETH:FW(1,105 个退出验证者的所有余额)

总计:1,059,360 ETH

这需要耗费约 4.5 天的时间来处理。

但上海升级最有可能在 3 月底前激活。

如果目前的活动趋势能持续下去,预计到 3 月底将会有:

540,000 个验证者额外发出 97,000 ETH 的质押奖励

仅在 PW 的情况下就有 1,119,000 ETH 的空间。

那么 FW 呢?一开始很可能会有很多 FW。

即使所有验证者中只有 10% 决定退出,也需要 31 天才能完成退出队列(8 退出 / 纪元)。

假设每天有 1,800 FW,一个月内每天将解锁 57,600 ETH。

图:ETH 验证者退出提款等待时间,假设验证者数量为 540,000

让我们总结一下:

1,119,000 ETH:PW(540,000 活跃验证者的质押奖励)

38,000 ETH:FW,用于已经退出的验证者

1,728,000 ETH:FW,如果 10% 的验证者退出

总计:2,885,000 ETH

这是每天提款的样子:

图:上海升级之后 PW 和 FW 的情况,假设验证者数量为 540,000,退出率为 10%

如果更多验证者决定退出,第一个月的提款时间表不会改变。

唯一的区别是处理所有的 FW 会花费更多的时间。

图:上海升级之后 PW 和 FW 的情况,假设验证者数量为 540,000,退出率为 20%

多少 ETH 会被售出?

我预估的范围是从 436,000 ETH 到 2,917,000 ETH。

这个范围很大,代表了极端的情况:温和的出售和激进的抛售。

如果你对我如何得出这数字感兴趣,请继续看下去。

首先讲讲质押者类型。通过质押者类型来对质押中的 ETH 进行解析非常有用。

他们当中有:

33.3% 来自流动性质押

28.2% 来自中心化交易平台

25.0% 来自身份不明的人 + 巨鲸 + 其他

13.5% 来自质押池

每个类型处理 PW 和 FW 的方式都不同。

上述数据来自 @hildobby_‌的 Dune 仪表盘‌。

图:ETH 质押者类型解析

先来看 PW

假设:

所有验证者尽快更新提款凭证——PW 会自动处理,但仅当凭据更新为新格式时

质押者类别定义了出售 ETH 的能力 / 意愿(更多内容见下文)

流动性质押:流动性质押 ETH(lsETH)的设计已经考虑了质押奖励。这意味着 PW 不会分发给 lsETH 持有者。他们将选择那些很可能会使用它们来设置新的验证者的流动质押提供商。这里没有抛压。

质押池:从经济角度来看,质押池完全没理由让质押者立即获得他们的 PW。反而设置新的验证者更有利可图。一些质押池可能还需要「解绑」期才能让质押者获得奖励。我想这里的抛售压力会受到抑制。

中心化交易平台:一些 CEX 用的都是 IsETH,剧本应该就会像流动性质押一样,即没有抛压。其他的 CEX 更像是质押池——没理由让质押者立刻获得 PW,这意味着抛压会受到抑制。

不明身份者 + 巨鲸 + 其他:我猜测这部分人大多数都是独立的质押者。独立的质押者很可能是以太坊信徒和长期的 ETH 囤币者。他们当中可能有一些人会选择即刻提取收益,但我预计该群体不会产生很大的抛压。

总结:

我按照温和、平均和激进三种情况对 PW 情况下售出的 ETH 百分比进行了预测。

温和:8% = > 92,000 ETH

平均:16% = > 183,000 ETH

激进:30% = > 333,000 ETH

售出需要约 5 天。

图:PW 售出情况预测

再来看 FW

假设:

验证者尽快退出 - 每天处理最大数量的退出(1,800)

每天处理的所有 FW(1,800)

活跃验证者的数量保持不变——新的验证者也在建立

质押者类别和盈利能力定义了出售意愿

预测来自 FW 的抛售压力具有挑战性。

有两个未知变量:

想要退出的验证者百分比

想要出售的验证者百分比

要评估平均每日卖出压力,必须考虑这两个因素。

退出的原因有 3 个:

卖币

Hodl/DeFi 挖矿

重新进入(更改质押设置 / 提供商等)

很难预测有多少验证者会退出。

我会考虑三种情况:

温和:10%

平均:20%

激进:30%

图:FW 售出情况预测

由于抛售以外的原因退出的验证者越多,平均每日抛售压力就越低,尽管总抛售压力保持不变。

例如:

10% 的验证者想要出售

如果 10% 退出,则每日 FW 的 100% 被售出

如果 20% 退出,则每日 FW 的 50% 被售出

图:日均抛售压力取决于验证者退出的百分比,假设总验证者为 540,000,其中 10% 想要卖出

我将验证者集按照两个维度分成了多个部分:

质押者类别

利润组

原因:

类别不同,例如,与 CEX 质押者相比,单独质押者更不可能出售。

赚到钱的人比资产缩水的人更有可能卖出。

图:不同类别的质押者盈利情况

总结:

通过对每个类别进行抛压假设,我计算了 3 种情况下想要出售 ETH 的验证者百分比。

来自 FW 的总抛售压力:

温和:2% = > 345,000 ETH

平均:7% = > 1,206,000 ETH

激进:15% = > 2,585,000 ETH

图:FW 抛压预测

总抛压

通过汇总来自 PW 和 FW 的抛售压力,我们得到 3 种情况下的总抛售压力:

温和:436,000 ETH => 14,000 ETH/ 天,超过 1 个月

平均:1,390,000 ETH => 23,000 ETH/ 天,超过 2 个月

激进:2,917,000 ETH => 32,000 ETH/ 天,超过 3 个月

图:PW 和 FW 抛压汇总

温和情况下每天 14,000 ETH 相当于过渡到 PoS 之前每天向矿工发行的新币(约 13,000 ETH)。可能什么都不会发生。

如果是平均和激进情况,除非新买家出现,否则可能出现影响价格的更强卖压。

最后我想说

从长期的角度来看,我非常看好 ETH。

尽管如此,我们很难去忽视提款开放后带来的不利因素。

仅仅是对抛售的预期就可能导致抛售。

但如果市场仍然看涨,它可能很容易被新买家吸收。

另外:为简单起见,我的计算假设 PW 的每日流入量持平。实际上,这将是几天后达到峰值的曲线。不过,总 PW 不会改变,因此不会产生太大影响。

这篇文章不是为了传播 FUD!我非常看好 ETH!我大部分资产也是 ETH。不要因为我说了一些让你不舒服的话就恨我。

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