DeFi之父AC:DeFi已死?

Andre CronjePublished on 2023-02-03Last updated on 2023-02-03

Abstract

高收益早已不复存在,自Terra以来DeFi几乎零增长,DeFi的下一步会是什么?

一位记者问了我以下问题:

「高收益早已不复存在,自Terra以来DeFi几乎零增长,我们想知道DeFi的下一步会是什么?很多讨论都集中在将现实世界的资产(RWA)引入区块链,比如通过DeFi、链上信贷等投资美国国债和债券。但我不确定它的可持续性,RWA话题已经持续了很长时间,很明显,过去它没有奏效是有原因的。」

本文是我对该问题的回答。

DeFi 已死?

2020年2月5日Yearn仪表板数据情况。

上面是Yearn的原始仪表板数据。当时DAI有DAI储蓄利率(DSR),通过高利率提供约7%的补贴,实际的DAI收益率在1%-2%之间。USDC约为4%。USDT正处于其FUD的的最高点,人们纷纷做空,但通常USDT会在约2%-4%左右。SUSD为2%。

BTC为0.9%,ETH为0.14%。

如今让我们再看看Yearn仪表板数据的情况,如下图。

ETH为2.5%,DAI为3%,USDC为3%,USDT为3%。

而这一切都发生在一个不活跃的市场。所有实际收益都来自借贷市场和交易费用。借贷市场是由做多/做空活动推动的。

在熊市中,人们进入空头头寸,他们使用稳定币来抵押他们的头寸(增加稳定币供应,压低稳定币实际收益率),借入加密货币并出售(增加加密货币收益率,这从ETH/BTC的实际收益率的增加中可以明显看出),并将出售中获得的稳定币作为进一步的抵押品(进一步降低稳定币实际收益率)。

在牛市中,人们进入多头头寸,他们使用他们的加密货币来抵押他们的头寸(降低加密货币的实际收益率),借入稳定币来从市场上购买更多的加密货币(增加稳定币的实际收益率),并将购买的加密货币作为进一步的抵押(进一步降低加密货币的实际收益率)。

目前,我们正处于深熊的低波动阶段。在这一点上(以过去两次牛市为基础),我们看到很少有交易活动,每个试图做空的人都做空了,但他们还没有足够的信心来平仓(导致回购和多头)。因此,这是一个「实际收益率低点」。考虑到这一点,实际收益率仍然高于Yearn刚创建时的水平。

因此,我不同意「高收益率早已消失,DeFi几乎为零增长」的说法。这种说法是基于将当前市场与一个不可持续的、高度妄想的市场高峰进行比较,而不是对比其发展过程。

如果你绘制了一张TVL、收益率和交易量的增长图,并将曲线压平以避免振荡,那么这就是一张清晰的线性增长图。在每一个可行的指标上,实际收益率和 DeFi都大幅增长。

互联网泡沫并没有摧毁互联网,也不需要下一个叙事,正是那些在疯狂时期诞生的项目成为了我们今天使用的锚定产品。

DeFi 是打不倒的

对于「DeFi的下一个叙事可能是什么」这一问题的答案,我的答案就是「DeFi就是DeFi的下一个叙事。它不需要「新的叙事」,也不需要『新的吸睛工具』,DeFi就是管用。」

现实世界资产(RWA)

现在来讨论真实世界资产(RWA),三个最重要的加密创新是:

零信托金融(0TrustFinance:不需要信任或假设信任),这里的例子是比特币、以太坊、Fantom、Uniswap或YearnV1;

可验证金融(VerifiableFinance:有假设信任,但你可以验证),这里的例子有Aave、Compound、YearnV2,你可以通过多签(multisig)验证时间锁定的执行;

信托金融(TrustedFinance:需要绝对信任),中心化交易所和机构经纪商,例如币安,Wintermute等。

下一个重点会是监管。受监管的加密货币的发行者必须是完全合法、合规和受监管的实体。加密监管是试图将监管添加到去中心化协议的概念。后者是不可行的,只会给所有相关方造成摩擦。

RWA需要存在于「信托金融」或「可验证金融」中,并且需要受监管的加密货币。正如该记者的问题所指出的,RWA的讨论已经进行了很长时间。早在2018年,我就第一次与传统的托管商、监管机构和政府就这个话题进行了交谈。那时候受监管的加密货币尚不存在,现在已经开始出现了,任何RWA项目的成功都取决于此。值得注意的受监管的加密立法例子包括韩国金融服务委员会允许发行证券代币,瑞士议会通过了关于DLT法案的联邦法案。

监管是其中的一部分,第二部分是让传统审计师具备验证和理解链上RWA的能力,并提供这些报告,如果没有这些报告,将再次失败。因此,随着技术的不断发展,我们将看到更多的真实世界资产在链上代币化。

但需要指出的是,这些都不是新的叙事,也不会对 DeFi产生任何革命性的改变。DeFi仍然只是DeFi,它只是作为抵押品或交易对添加的另一种代币化资产。

所以我不认为DeFi需要下一个趋势,我认为DeFi是一个趋势。Fantom基金会的重点是:

监管框架;

审计工具;

Layer 1交易量和可扩展性;

Layer 1账户用户体验和社交恢复(social recovery:利用社交关系在丢失密钥的情况下重新获得账户访问权的机制)。

DeFi和其他区块链垂直领域(社交媒体、游戏、艺术、新闻等)仍然存在,但它们受到当前状态和底层技术访问的限制(就像早期的Web受到底层技术和访问的限制一样)。这儿没有什么「新叙事」,也没「新趋势」,只是「千篇一律」也是一件好事。

Related Reads

Bitcoin's 'Rally Ends,' Officially Entering the Later Stage of a Bear Market?

Bitcoin prices declined 13% this week, reversing the recent rebound and signaling a likely transition into the later stages of a bear market. Key on-chain metrics deteriorated, with the short-term holder cost basis falling below the Realized Price—a pattern last seen in early 2022, characteristic of bear market maturity. The rally to ~$82k proved to be a bear market bounce, as evidenced by the 90-day realized profit/loss ratio failing to sustain above the bullish threshold of 2. Daily realized losses surged to $1.35B, including significant selling from long-term holders who accumulated near cycle tops, indicating ongoing supply redistribution. Price was rejected almost precisely at the aggregate US spot ETF cost basis of ~$83k, turning that level into resistance and leaving the average ETF investor underwater again. Spot market selling pressure intensified, with the 7-day volume delta turning significantly negative to its weakest level since February. While a major long liquidation event cleared over $400M in leverage, spot demand has not yet stepped in to absorb the resulting supply. Options markets continue pricing in higher future volatility (elevated volatility risk premium) and maintain a skew toward put options, reflecting persistent demand for downside protection, though not yet panic. Overall, market structure remains fragile. Sustained recovery likely requires a reclaim of the ETF cost basis, a shift back to positive spot demand, and a slowdown in realized loss-taking. Until then, the market risks further downside or extended consolidation within the broader bear trend.

Foresight News14m ago

Bitcoin's 'Rally Ends,' Officially Entering the Later Stage of a Bear Market?

Foresight News14m ago

How Risky is the "Death Spiral" of MSTR and STRC?

Summary: This article explores the perceived "death spiral" risk between MicroStrategy (MSTR), its Bitcoin holdings, and its perpetual preferred stock (STRC), drawing comparisons to the LUNA-UST collapse. While both systems feature price anchors, high yields for holders, and potential feedback loops, their core mechanisms differ fundamentally. The MSTR-STRC structure relies on continuous financing to sustain its high dividend payouts, primarily through stock ATM offerings. A negative feedback cycle could occur: falling MSTR stock price makes raising equity capital harder, increasing pressure to sell Bitcoin, which undermines STRC confidence and further depresses MSTR. However, unlike LUNA-UST's automated, direct linkage, the MSTR-STRC loop is weaker and has brakes: STRC dividends can be deferred or rates lowered, and STRC holders have a $100/share liquidation preference in bankruptcy, providing a price floor. The company's sustainability hinges on its ability to continue financing. Its current ~$900 million USD reserves cover only about 6.3 months of its ~$1.71 billion annual interest/dividend burden. The next six months are critical, aligning with both the potential bottom in Bitcoin's four-year cycle and the depletion timeline of its reserves. While a LUNA-style catastrophic collapse is deemed highly unlikely due to structural differences, the key question is whether MicroStrategy can navigate this period through healthy deleveraging to restart its capital engine.

Foresight News32m ago

How Risky is the "Death Spiral" of MSTR and STRC?

Foresight News32m ago

How Much Debt Does Strategy Really Have? Is There a Risk of Implosion?

MicroStrategy's Debt Risk: A Turning Point in the "Never Sell" Strategy As of June 3, 2026, MicroStrategy holds 843,706 bitcoins (valued at ~$53.1B) but faces significant financial obligations. Its capital structure includes $6.75B in convertible notes and $15.48B in perpetual preferred stock (led by the $8.5B STRC series), creating an annual payout burden of ~$1.71B. With software revenue at only ~$500M, interest and dividend obligations far exceed operating income. A critical shift occurred in late May 2026 when the company sold 32 bitcoins for ~$2.5M to cover dividends, breaking CEO Michael Saylor's long-standing "never sell" pledge. This symbolic move triggered a sharp decline in both Bitcoin's price and MSTR stock, reflecting market fears about cash flow sustainability. The core of the strain is the STRC perpetual preferred stock, designed as a "permanent loan" with no maturity date but requiring high monthly dividends (currently 11.5%). Its business model relies on a three-part cycle: issuing new STRC shares, using proceeds to buy more Bitcoin and fund a USD reserve, and using that reserve to pay dividends. This cycle depends on continuous investor demand for STRC and Bitcoin's price appreciation. Analysis shows Bitcoin needs to appreciate at least 2.3% annually to cover the $1.71B in yearly obligations at current holdings. With Bitcoin price down ~22% from March 2026 highs, this pressure has intensified. The company's $900M USD reserve can only cover about 7 months of payments if STRC issuance stalls. Key risks are not immediate bankruptcy or forced Bitcoin liquidation (as BTC is not collateral), but rather: 1) The erosion of MSTR's premium to its Bitcoin holdings (mNAV), which would cripple its ability to raise cheap capital; 2) A vicious cycle where stagnant Bitcoin prices reduce STRC demand, draining the USD reserve and forcing BTC sales, further depressing prices. The period from February 2027 to September 2028 is a crucial test, with over $5.9B in convertible notes facing put options or maturity. In essence, MicroStrategy has evolved from a simple Bitcoin holder into a complex financial entity acting like a "private Bitcoin bank," leveraging its BTC holdings to create layered financial products. Its survival depends on maintaining Bitcoin's price trend, its stock premium, and market appetite for its preferred shares. The recent token sale marks not a betrayal of its Bitcoin thesis, but an admission that the leveraged strategy must eventually be paid for.

marsbit43m ago

How Much Debt Does Strategy Really Have? Is There a Risk of Implosion?

marsbit43m ago

Anthropic Cries Wolf: Is the AGI Threat Real, or Just an IPO Story?

Anthropic has published an article titled "When AI builds itself," discussing the emerging concept of "recursive self-improvement," where AI begins to actively participate in designing, training, testing, and optimizing its own subsequent versions. The company presents internal data showing that by May 2026, over 80% of code merged into its codebase was written by Claude, its AI model. Claude's capabilities have expanded to handling complex, open-ended engineering tasks, achieving a 76% success rate in such areas, and even contributing to research processes, such as optimizing code performance and conducting AI safety experiments. Anthropic outlines an evolution from human-driven development to AI-assisted workflows, culminating in the current stage where AI agents can autonomously write, run, and delegate code. The company cautions that the path toward a "closed loop," where AI continuously improves itself, is becoming visible. It calls for coordinated global mechanisms to potentially slow or pause frontier AI development to allow safety research and societal structures to catch up. However, the timing of this warning coincides with Anthropic's preparations for an IPO, framing the narrative not just as a safety concern but also as a demonstration of Claude's advanced capabilities and its integral role in accelerating Anthropic's own R&D—creating a potential "flywheel" effect for competitive advantage. This contrasts with OpenAI's recent, more policy-oriented discussion of the same risks, highlighting the competitive dynamics in the AI industry as companies position themselves in both the technological and regulatory landscape.

marsbit1h ago

Anthropic Cries Wolf: Is the AGI Threat Real, or Just an IPO Story?

marsbit1h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is USDC(WORMHOLE)

USD Coin (Wormhole): A Comprehensive Overview Introduction In the rapidly evolving world of cryptocurrencies, USD Coin (Wormhole), referred to as $USDC(Wormhole), stands out as a pioneering solution within the DeFi (Decentralized Finance) landscape. Operating on several blockchain platforms, including Solana, USD Coin (Wormhole) is more than just a digital representation of the United States dollar. It embodies the innovative spirit of modern finance, enabling seamless cross-chain transactions and enhanced interoperability among diverse blockchain ecosystems through the advanced Wormhole protocol. What is USD Coin (Wormhole)? USD Coin (Wormhole) is a tokenized version of the US dollar designed to facilitate frictionless transactions across different blockchain networks. Its primary aim is to bolster liquidity and enhance the functionality of the DeFi ecosystem. By leveraging the Wormhole protocol, which establishes a robust cross-chain communication network, users can effortlessly transfer USDC tokens across various platforms. This cross-chain capability marks a significant advancement in cryptocurrency use, promoting a more interconnected and efficient ecosystem where assets can flow freely between different blockchains. The value proposition of USD Coin (Wormhole) lies not only in its stability, being pegged to the US dollar, but also in its ability to bridge gaps between disparate blockchain environments. This innovative approach fosters a greater level of participation among users and developers, paving the way for new and exciting applications within decentralized finance. Who is the creator of USD Coin (Wormhole)? The origins of USD Coin (Wormhole) are intricately tied to the Wormhole network, which was developed by Jump Crypto. While specific individual creators are not prominently documented, Jump Crypto is notable for its involvement in advancing blockchain technology and supporting its applications in finance. By creating the Wormhole network, Jump Crypto has played a vital role in promoting cross-chain asset transfers, enhancing the efficiency and diversity of cryptocurrency usage. Who are the investors of USD Coin (Wormhole)? The success of USD Coin (Wormhole) is supported by investments from several notable funds and organizations within the cryptocurrency realm. Key investors include: Coinbase Ventures: A prominent venture capital arm backed by one of the leading cryptocurrency exchanges in the industry, Coinbase Ventures provides essential capital and strategic support to promising blockchain projects. Arrington XRP Capital: Specializing in digital assets, Arrington XRP Capital recognizes the potential of innovative projects like USD Coin (Wormhole) and has invested accordingly to back its development. Jump Trading: As the parent organization of Jump Crypto, Jump Trading brings not only investment but a wealth of expertise in trading technology and market dynamics to bolster the Wormhole project. How Does USD Coin (Wormhole) Work? The operational framework of USD Coin (Wormhole) is intricately designed to facilitate effective cross-chain transactions, maximizing security and efficiency. Here’s a simplified overview of how it functions: Asset Locking: When a user wishes to transfer USDC from one blockchain to another, they first lock their tokens on the source blockchain. This process ensures that the assets are secure and are set to be either burned or moved later. Token Minting: After the tokens are locked, an equivalent amount of USDC is minted on the destination blockchain. This provides the user with access to their funds on a new platform, reflecting the flexibility that the Wormhole protocol enables. Cross-Chain Transfer: The Wormhole protocol efficiently facilitates the entire transfer process. It ensures that once the USDC is minted on the destination chain, the equivalent tokens are burned on the source chain. The result is a seamless transfer of value between two distinct blockchain environments. This cross-chain methodology ensures that transactions remain secure and transparent, significantly enhancing liquidity within the different DeFi ecosystems. Timeline of USD Coin (Wormhole) Understanding the evolution of USD Coin (Wormhole) provides vital context for its significance in the cryptocurrency arena. Here’s a timeline highlighting important milestones in the project’s history: 2021: The Wormhole project is launched, establishing a framework for cross-chain asset transfers and setting the stage for the development of USD Coin (Wormhole). 2022: The Wormhole network experiences a significant challenge with a security breach that results in a $325 million theft. However, the incident is later addressed and refunded by Jump Crypto, showcasing the project’s commitment to security and transparency. 2023: USD Coin (Wormhole) integrates with Circle’s Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP), enhancing its capabilities for cross-chain transfers and further solidifying its place within the DeFi ecosystem. 2024: Ongoing development and expansion of the Wormhole network continue, aimed at increasing the utility and reach of USD Coin (Wormhole) as well as enhancing its operational framework. Key Features The success of USD Coin (Wormhole) can be attributed to several key features that differentiate it from other cryptocurrency offerings: Cross-Chain Interoperability At the core of USD Coin (Wormhole) is its ability to facilitate seamless transfers across multiple blockchain networks. This interoperability serves as a cornerstone for decentralized finance, allowing various platforms to interact with each other, thereby accelerating the evolution of financial services. Security Wormhole employs a well-designed Guardian Network comprised of node validators that ensure secure cross-chain transactions. This collective oversight minimizes the risk of fraud and provides users with confidence that their assets are protected during cross-chain transfers. Liquidity Enhancement By enabling USDC to circulate freely across different blockchains, USD Coin (Wormhole) enhances liquidity in the DeFi ecosystem. This increased liquidity can foster more efficient trading, contribute to better pricing strategies, and improve the overall market dynamics encompassing various digital assets. Conclusion USD Coin (Wormhole) is a pivotal innovation in the blockchain space, reinforcing the capabilities of decentralized finance (DeFi) and establishing a more connected financial ecosystem. With its robust framework for cross-chain transactions, security features, and strong backing from reputable investors, USD Coin (Wormhole) is positioned to play a key role in the future of cryptocurrency. As the digital finance landscape continues to evolve, USD Coin (Wormhole) not only embraces the future of interconnectivity among blockchain networks but also reaffirms the power of tokenization and blockchain technology in transforming how we perceive and utilize value in a digital world. By navigating the complexities of cross-chain functionality, it demonstrates a sophisticated approach to enabling financial inclusivity and innovation in the world of cryptocurrencies.

1.2k Total ViewsPublished 2024.04.01Updated 2024.12.03

What is USDC(WORMHOLE)

What is $USDC

Classic USDC: A Comprehensive Overview Introduction to Classic USDC In the rapidly evolving landscape of the cryptocurrency market, stablecoins have emerged as critical components, particularly in providing stability amid the volatility that characterizes digital assets. One such project is Classic USDC, a digital currency initiative that aims to deliver a stable and reliable medium of exchange. By maintaining a 1:1 peg with the US dollar, Classic USDC strives to offer users a dependable digital asset, equipped for various applications within the web3 and cryptocurrency ecosystems. What is Classic USDC? Classic USDC is fundamentally a stablecoin, which is a type of cryptocurrency designed to minimize the price volatility typically seen in the digital asset market. Specifically, Classic USDC aspires to represent the value of the US dollar closely, ensuring that users can leverage this digital currency for transactions, savings, and other financial activities without the fear of sudden price fluctuations that can otherwise plague many cryptocurrencies. The primary aim of Classic USDC is to provide a reliable and trustworthy digital equivalent of the US dollar, designed for seamless integration into a wide range of web3 applications, decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, and other crypto-related financial systems. By delivering a stable digital currency, Classic USDC seeks to facilitate everyday commerce, make blockchain technology more user-friendly, and encourage the adoption of cryptocurrencies for mainstream usage. Creator of Classic USDC The identity of the creator or the development team behind Classic USDC remains largely unknown, and the lack of transparency has led to a degree of uncertainty regarding the project’s origins. While many cryptocurrency initiatives prominently showcase their founders and development teams, Classic USDC does not provide clear information about its creators, which poses challenges for potential users or investors weighing the project's credibility and reliability. Investors of Classic USDC Alongside the ambiguity surrounding its creators, Classic USDC also lacks specificity with regards to its investors. The financial backing of a project can often lend it credibility and stabilize its operations; however, the absence of documented investment foundations or organizations supporting Classic USDC raises questions about its funding structure. This lack of clarity could potentially hinder stakeholder confidence in the project. How Does Classic USDC Work? The operational mechanics of Classic USDC rely heavily on its reserve system, which is fundamental to the underpinnings of any stablecoin. Classic USDC undertakes to maintain a reserve of assets that directly correspond to the value of the digital currency in circulation. Specifically, for every Classic USDC token issued, an equivalent amount of backing assets is retained in reserve, whether in cash or near-cash equivalents. This strategy is designed to uphold the value of Classic USDC, offering reassurance to users that redeeming their tokens for US dollars is feasible at any time. This reserve structure aims to enhance the stability and reliability of Classic USDC, positioning it as a secure alternative in the cryptocurrency market. By ensuring that the value of Classic USDC is consistently correlated with the US dollar, the project aspires to engender trust among users who may be wary of the broader market dynamics. Timeline of Classic USDC The history of Classic USDC is marked by several key milestones that reflect its journey and evolution within the cryptocurrency ecosystem: 2021: The inception of Classic USDC is noted, introducing a new digital currency option designed for stability. During this year, the first records of the token’s activity surfaced and its initial price levels were established. 2024: Classic USDC begins to experience notable price fluctuations, as the crypto market overall grapples with various trends and user sentiment. Predictions regarding its future potential emerge, indicating a strong interest from market observers and analysts who foresee growth opportunities. Future Projections Experts speculate that Classic USDC may reach higher levels of adoption and stability in the years to come, with potential further developments anticipated around 2025 and 2026. However, these projections should be approached with cautious optimism, as the cryptocurrency market is inherently unpredictable, and various external factors may influence the trajectory of Classic USDC. Key Points About Classic USDC Stability: Classic USDC’s core proposition revolves around providing a digital currency that parallels the value of the US dollar, thereby ensuring stability in an often volatile marketplace. Reserve System: The project’s commitment to maintaining a reserve of assets to back its value underscores its reliability and operational soundness. Web3 and Crypto Integration: Classic USDC is engineered to facilitate easy integration within various applications, aiming to enhance the user experience and broaden the acceptance of cryptocurrency in everyday transactions. Future Growth Potential: While still emerging, Classic USDC holds prospective avenues for growth as awareness and utilization of stablecoins increases in the web3 and crypto contexts. Conclusion Classic USDC presents itself as a notable stablecoin initiative within the cryptocurrency sphere, striving to provide users with a reliable digital currency that embodies the stability of the US dollar. Despite uncertainties regarding its creators and financial backing, the underpinning principles of Classic USDC—centered on reserve-backed assurances—endeavour to position it as a trustworthy option for individuals and businesses navigating the digital economy. With an eye towards the future, market analysts are keen to observe how Classic USDC evolves in response to the shifting dynamics of the cryptocurrency landscape, potentially establishing itself as a significant player in the realm of stablecoins.

623 Total ViewsPublished 2024.05.01Updated 2024.12.03

What is $USDC

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of USDC (USDC) are presented below.

活动图片