比特币财库的逻辑变了:Strategy"永不出售"承诺终结

华尔街日报Published on 2026-05-06Last updated on 2026-05-06

Strategy正在悄然改写其比特币战略的核心逻辑,这家全球最大的企业比特币持有方宣布放弃坚守多年的"永不出售"立场,转向主动管理资产负债表,以最大化每股比特币价值。

在周二晚间的财报电话会议上,公司总裁兼首席执行官Phong Le明确表示,出售比特币以换取美元、或以此偿债,只要有助于提升每股比特币价值,均在公司考量范围之内。

这是Strategy自创始人、董事长Michael Saylor确立"永不出售"原则以来,首次公开宣告策略转向。

与此同时,Strategy公布一季度净亏损125亿美元,主要源于年初比特币价格大幅下跌。消息公布后,公司股票盘后跌超4%。

从“囤币”到“经营币”:战略逻辑的根本转变

Phong Le在财报会上的表态直接点明了新方向:我们不会再坐在那里说“永远不卖比特币”。我们希望成为比特币的净积累者——不仅要增加比特币总持仓,更重要的是提升每股比特币,因为我们认为这才是对MSTR股东长期最有价值的事。

每股比特币是Strategy用于衡量股东比特币敞口的非正式指标,反映每股所对应的比特币数量。该指标会随公司增持比特币、增发新股或出售比特币进行债务管理或回购而变动。Strategy今年以来的BTC收益率约为9%,即每股比特币持仓的增长幅度。

Saylor在同一电话会上以房地产开发商作类比,为新策略提供理论背书。他表示,若一家公司以每英亩1万美元买入土地,再以10万美元卖出,用所得利润购入更多土地,或用出售所得支付债务利息,没有人会认为这损害了房地产价值,也没有人会说这证明商业模式失败。“房地产开发公司的存在,本就是为了低价买入土地、高价卖出,”他说,“我们就像一家比特币开发公司。”

资产负债表压力浮现,美元储备已达22.5亿

Strategy的策略转变并非无迹可寻。去年12月,公司建立了美元储备,目前规模已达22.5亿美元,专门用于确保能够履行优先股股息支付义务及偿还债务利息。公司一直通过发行新股和债券为比特币购置提供资金。

截至一季度末,Strategy持有818,334枚比特币,总成本约618.1亿美元,平均持仓成本约为每枚75,500美元,占比特币总供应量近4%。今年以来,公司累计新增约63,000枚比特币。

一季度125亿美元的净亏损,直接反映了年初比特币价格下行对账面价值的冲击。在此背景下,单纯依赖被动囤积、不作主动管理的策略,显然面临越来越大的财务压力。

此次战略调整的核心,是公司评估自身表现的指标体系发生了变化——重心从"持有多少比特币"转向"每股代表多少比特币"。这一转变意味着,即便在特定情况下出售部分比特币,只要能够提升每股比特币价值,就符合公司的长期利益目标。

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