对话华尔街对冲基金老将:流动性列车已启动,比特币进入宏观上行周期

marsbitPublished on 2026-04-29Last updated on 2026-04-29

来源:《Milk Road》播客

整理:Felix, PANews

Bitcoin Opportunity Fund 联席经理 James Lavish 近日做客《Milk Road》播客节目,探讨了尽管加密市场经历了最动荡、最混乱的时期之一,但比特币的长期前景为何可能比以往任何时候都更加强劲。PANews 对对话精华进行了整理。

主持人:你说过这段时间比你 30 年金融生涯中的许多其他时期都更艰难,具体是什么让它变得艰难呢? 是纯粹的跌幅百分比,还是像 10 月 10 日、2 月 5 日那样的插针行情?

James Lavish:10 月份的去杠杆化事件让所有人都措手不及。 其实之前有一点迹象,如果你回顾一下,会发现很多 OG 在去年全年卖出了数十万甚至可能超过一百万枚的比特币。他们之前一直持币,然后选择了变现。他们持有这个资产好多年,有些甚至持有十年或更久。突然间他们赚了几千万,有些甚至赚了数亿或数十亿美元,然后他们说:“我不玩了,我要去买地,我要完全实现自我主权,不管用什么货币,我要拿到我的资产”。这种事在比特币价格 10 万到 12.5 万美元之间时一直在发生。然后 10 月份发生了那次去杠杆化事件,让大家感到意外,之后也没有真正恢复过来,市场失去了信心。然后你又看到了围绕关税的一系列反应。真是一波未平一波又起,然后又发生了战争。整个市场的走向超出了人们的预期。

首先,去年年底黄金和白银大幅上涨,给了像 Peter Schiff 这样的人大量攻击比特币和加密领域的素材。但是当战争爆发时,有趣的是比特币挺住了,而那些所谓的避险资产(如黄金和白银)反而开始下跌。此外,还有围绕 AI 的资金流动。标普 500 指数中最大的前七家公司,除了苹果最初未深入涉足 AI 外,其他公司都从 AI 中获得了巨额收益。那些股票暴涨,然后突然资金又轮动到了其他股票中。所以这真的是一个非常有趣的时期。

在经济方面,美联储即将迎来一位新主席,而且他们几乎是在公开与现任政府(白宫)对抗,拒绝在利率上让步。很难看清经济的走向,因为推动经济发展的是最顶层、最富有的群体。

相比之下,从 2021 年到 2025 年,经济主要靠财政驱动,以及“婴儿潮一代”(富裕世代)挥金如土的消费来推动。同时,年轻一代则很难买得起房,很难跟上经济步伐,因为他们是靠工资生活的,没有资产,然后又迎来了 AI 的爆发。AI 现在正在吞噬工作岗位。虽然我不认为它会摧毁经济,它至少在初期会促进经济,但人们必须拥抱它并围绕它进行改变。很多公司正在裁掉成千上万的人,而且这种情况只会不断加剧。这一切让市场处于不确定性中运作,包括利率、经济、失业、战争,以及 AI 正在或即将带来的改变。市场一直在围绕这些因素波动。

最有趣的是,每次有重大负面头条新闻(尤其是中东局势),市场可能会下跌几个百分点,但很快就会反弹回来,并重新回到了历史最高点附近。当你试图利用市场走势,但又要保持核心信念不被负面炒作席卷时,这就成了一个极其有趣但也非常难驾驭的市场。

主持人:你认为当前比特币总体上面临的最大风险是什么? 别提量子计算,谈谈流动性方面、下跌风险、监管清晰度等等。你认为现在有什么在阻碍市场,或者你对未来有什么担忧?

James Lavish:我认为比特币目前面临的最大风险其实是:人们理解并拥抱它的进度滞后。围绕比特币有太多的噪音,媒体上也有太多关于它的负面报道,总的来说,我们仍身处自己的小圈子里,而绝大多数人并不真正理解和信任它,甚至被误解是为罪犯、洗钱者和人口贩卖者准备的。

有趣的是,我过去一直认为,投资者可以在华尔街接管之前买入,但华尔街已经开始进入。Strategy 计划购买 100 万枚比特币;贝莱德推出了比特币ETF,富达也已参与其中,还有其他 ETF 管理公司;现在像摩根大通、摩根士丹利、甚至先锋集团(Vanguard)也开始向他们的投资者提供比特币了。

大型机构开始将比特币放在资产负债表和投资组合中,而散户大多还在瞎折腾,他们买卖的时机很糟糕,在狂热时买入,在恐慌时抛售。我亲眼痛苦地目睹了一些人,我给他们介绍比特币很久了,他们终于在历史高点附近买入,然后当跌破 10 万时,他们表示“看不懂”,然后退出,并在过程中承受了 30%、40%、50% 的损失。这仅仅是因为他们不理解。并不是他们不聪明,这很典型。所以抑制比特币发展的是普通大众对它的持续误解。

机构将继续建立他们的头寸和产品,为更多普通人的涌入做准备。当我们度过目前这段不确定时期,比特币重新向 10 万美元迈进时,你会看到那些曾涌向黄金和白银的“热钱”再次流入比特币领域。那股“热钱”正是我写过的:那些处于 K 型经济底层的人们想要努力追赶。他们追逐趋势,追逐他们认为热门的东西。过去是 Meme 股票,然后是无聊猿,然后是各种加密货币,之后变成了黄金和白银,天知道下一个是什么。比如在 Polymarket 上下注,或者在高尔夫大师赛最后两洞下注几千美元,试图快速赚点钱。这很疯狂,但这就是我们现在的世界。对于进入这个领域的人来说,耐心和理解将是关键。

你刚才问到流动性,为什么这一切都那么重要? 我们以美国为例,因为除了中国之外,它是最大的流动性来源。美国股市与目前正在发生的一切息息相关。我们目前有 39 万亿美元的债务,加上数亿美元的无准备金负债,总计将近 200 万亿美元。债务如此之多,以至于我们现在每年都有数万亿美元的赤字。我们的债务每 10 年翻一倍,预计在 2030 年代中期,债务将飙升至 100 万亿美元,这令人震惊。这些数字对普通人来说大得无法理解。为什么这很重要?因为我们永远不会还清这笔债务。财政部长也承认这不是可以被还清的,而是需要被“管理”的。管理债务的方法,就是确保系统中有足够的流动性来继续为赤字提供资金。当你有如此多的债务,你的债务占 GDP 的比例这么高,而且还有这些赤字时,你可以选择走“四扇门”:

第一扇门是紧缩政策(削减开支)。你看到了 Doge 委员会试图削减开支剔除欺诈,但阻力是压倒性的。两党都试图骗对方去削减开支,但他们不会削减占据最大份额的社保、医疗保险或医疗补助,也不会削减国防开支(刚刚又卷入另一场战争)。他们也不会对债务违约(也就是说不会不支付利息,大约是 1 万亿美元,占了赤字的一半)。所以他们不会走这扇门。

第二扇门是提高税收。如果你听过拉弗曲线,它表明当你对生产力增税时,到达某个点就会趋于平缓并下降,因为高税收阻碍了生产力。公司停止投资、停止招聘、停止研发。我们在欧洲看到了这种情况,这行不通。

第三扇门是直接对债务违约并将其减记。新兴市场这么做过并受了重创。 一旦违约,你就不能再用自己的货币发债,因为人们不再信任它。我们永远不会这么做,因为我们是用自己的货币发债的。

这就带我们来到了第四扇门,这是最容易走的一扇门,也是我们每天都在走的:印更多的钱,并用印出来的钱来偿还债务。这被称为财政主导。基本上就是通过银行贷款、美联储扩大资产负债表,或者直接印钞购买自己的债务来扩大货币供应量,这就是量化宽松(QE)。美联储有两个方向:QE(印钱买美国国债和抵押贷款支持证券)或QT(量化紧缩,抽走流动性)。他们之前勉强做了一段时间 QT,后来逐渐减少直到完全切断。 现在他们回到了市场,正在进行我们称之为“轻度 QE”(QE-lite)的操作,基本上在购买短期国债,向银行储备注入流动性以维持系统运转。

这一切意味着我们需要流动性来管理所有债务。数学逻辑是你需要创造更多的美元。当你创造更多的美元时会发生什么?就像玩大富翁游戏,如果你的朋友突然从银行拿到了一大笔钱,棋盘上的钱就变多了,那么棋盘上的资产价格就会上涨。这就是你们每天看到的:房子上涨、土地上涨、黄金上涨、股票上涨、比特币也随着时间上涨。如果你是投资者,并且你持有这些资产,尤其是比特币,这会给你带来极大的安慰。如果你一直在忍受这种波动,没关系的,这只是不确定时期,对于正在被采用的资产来说很正常。

记住,比特币才 16、17 岁。 黄金现在的总市值是 30 万亿美元,而比特币超过 1 万亿美元。黄金作为货币和价值储存手段存在了几千年,比特币能达到其体量的二三十分之一,这是惊人的。所以要有耐心,流动性列车正在驶来。现在在美国,我们看到的流动性还只是涓涓细流,但如果发生百年一遇的危机(在我的职业生涯中似乎每五到十年就会发生一次,比如1998 年长期资本管理公司危机、2000 年科技泡沫、2001 年 911、08 年金融危机等),危机肯定还会再来的。所以做好准备,如果市场下跌不要恐慌,他们别无选择,只能通过注入更多流动性来稳定局面。这就是数学。

主持人:上次你来节目时,大家都在说到了年底或这个季度末,比特币会达到 15 万或 16 万。 根据你现在所知道的一切,考虑到你刚才说的流动性,你认为达到 15 万美元的时间线是什么? 不是财务建议,你可以给个具体日期或月份。

James Lavish:如果今年年底我们不反弹回 12.5 万美元,或者明年不达到 15 万美元,我会非常震惊的。我是个永远的乐观主义者,但基于世界的发展趋势和对流动性的巨大需求,虽然比特币有时会落后于黄金,但看看它们现在的相对位置,我绝不想做空比特币而做多黄金。我充分预期市场会在这个位置企稳,尤其是当中东局势有了一些确定性之后。

为什么这么说?第一性原理。现任政府不想在今年 11 月的中期选举时带着疲软的市场跛行,因为人们会对生活成本感到沮丧。他们绝对不想看到因石油危机导致通货膨胀爆发,政府需要和平与稳定才能赢得中期选举,他们会推动这一点。

第二,我们即将迎来一位新的美联储主席。他一上任就会降息吗?不会,那会让人觉得美联储完全受政治驱动。但这给了其他鸽派美联储官员空间,他们更担心经济衰退而不是非能源引发的通胀,他们愿意接受 2-3% 的通胀率并保持市场运转。

第三,财政部长一直在说他们需要设法拉长债券曲线。我们可能会进行“扭曲操作”,通过增加流动性来购买长期债务,以摆脱每 90 天就要展期所有债务的循环。这一切都意味着市场中必须有流动性,这就是他们已经在做轻度 QE 的原因。 所以我非常乐观。除非发生像黑天鹅事件那样所有资产相关性为 1 的大抛售,否则我觉得从这里上涨的概率更高。如果真的抛售了,那就是绝佳机会,因为财政部和美联储别无选择,只能拿着流动性的“消防水龙头”来救市。

相关阅读: 对话新火首席经济学家付鹏:宏观熊市有望今年结束,优先配置价值型资产

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