Over 50% of Attacks on DeFi Ecosystems Use This Vector: Researcher

u.todayPublished on 2022-10-09Last updated on 2022-10-09

Abstract

Kofi Kufuor proposed his own classification of attacks on decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols and indicated core vulnerabilities this turbulent segment is exposed to.

Contents

Four major types of attacks in DeFi
Multi-chain apps and bridges under fire

Kofi Kufuor proposed his own classification of attacks on decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols and indicated core vulnerabilities this turbulent segment is exposed to.
Four major types of attacks in DeFi
According to his detailed post, all attacks that resulted in money being stolen from crypto protocols can be divided into four types based on "vulnerability stack."

That said, all recent attacks are executed either against the ecosystem, protocol, smart contract language, or infrastructure. Infrastructure attacks target weaknesses of consensus, Internet systems behind DeFis, private keys and so on.
Smart contract language attacks exploit design flaws of programming languages used for smart contract creation. Protocol logic attacks are executed under bad business logic and tokenomical weaknesses.
Last but not least, ecosystem attacks target the interactions between various DeFi protocols: to initiate an attack (or amplify it), malefactors borrow money from one protocol and inject it into the liquidity pools of another DeFi.
Multi-chain apps and bridges under fire
Ecosystem attacks are the most frequent: over 41% of all DeFi hacks belong to this group. At the same time, should we exclude the three most devastating hacks from the analysis (Ronin Bridge, Poly Network, BNB Chain bridge), infrastructure attacks resulted in the largest losses.
Out of ecosystem hacks, flash loan attacks with price oracles are the most frequent; various attacks on private keys (phishing, brute force, compromised keys and so on) are dominant in anti-infrastructure hacks.
Ethereum-based apps witnessed $2 billion in stolen funds. More than one half of attacks in 2020-2022 targeted cross-network bridges and multi-blockchain apps.

Trending Cryptos

CitreaCTR

wrapped stUSDTWSTUSDT

Velodrome FinanceVELODROME

BrevisBREV

ZRX（0X）ZRX

27-Year Reign Ends: SK Hynix Market Cap Surpasses Samsung for First Time, an AI-Driven Reshuffle of Korean Chip Power

On June 22, 2026, SK Hynix made history by surpassing Samsung Electronics in market capitalization, ending Samsung's 27-year reign as South Korea's most valuable company. This dramatic reversal is powered by the AI boom and SK Hynix's dominant position in High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), a critical component for AI model training. Once a heavily indebted firm on the brink of bankruptcy, SK Hynix bet early on HBM, which has evolved from a niche product to essential AI infrastructure. It now commands a 59% share of the global HBM market. Its financial performance is staggering, with Q1 2026 net profit soaring nearly fourfold year-over-year to KRW 40.35 trillion, translating to over 2 billion RMB in daily net profit. HBM now drives roughly 40% of its revenue with exceptionally high margins. In contrast, Samsung, with its broad portfolio spanning memory chips, smartphones, and foundry services, has lagged in the HBM race while facing headwinds in other divisions. This shift signifies a deeper restructuring of South Korea's economy, moving from consumer electronics to AI-driven growth. However, the future remains competitive. With major capacity expansions planned industry-wide by 2028 and Samsung aiming to catch up in HBM technology, the new market leader cannot afford complacency. This event marks a pivotal moment in the global semiconductor industry's ongoing power realignment.

marsbit9m ago

27-Year Reign Ends: SK Hynix Market Cap Surpasses Samsung for First Time, an AI-Driven Reshuffle of Korean Chip Power

marsbit9m ago

Marvell Officially Joins the S&P 500: A Milestone Amid the AI Wave or the Start of a New Test?

Marvell Technology's inclusion in the S&P 500 on June 22, 2026, marks a significant milestone and a new level of scrutiny. This move is seen as validation of the company's successful pivot from a traditional communications chipmaker to a core supplier in the AI data center infrastructure. Historically, profitability concerns delayed Marvell's entry. Its recent qualification stems from improved financial stability, driven by the AI investment cycle. The company is now viewed as a key beneficiary, with its growth hinging on three interconnected areas: custom AI ASICs for large cloud providers, data center networking chips essential for GPU cluster efficiency, and high-speed optical interconnect solutions. While inclusion brings benefits like passive fund inflows and greater institutional visibility, it also raises the bar. The short-term stock rise reflects optimism about Marvell's AI potential, but long-term performance will depend on converting this narrative into sustained revenue, profit growth, and free cash flow. The core challenge is proving that its AI-focused businesses—ASICs, networking, and optics—can deliver on the high expectations now embedded in its valuation.

marsbit11m ago

Marvell Officially Joins the S&P 500: A Milestone Amid the AI Wave or the Start of a New Test?

marsbit11m ago

Up Over 130% in a Month, Steadily Among Top Ethereum Blob Consumers—How Real is World Chain's Growth?

World Chain, the Layer-2 blockchain developed by the Worldcoin project, has demonstrated significant recent growth despite a generally competitive and challenging L2 landscape. Its native token, WLD, surged over 130% in a month, driven by institutional holdings (notably from Eightco Holdings), increased trading activity from promotional campaigns, and a key upcoming reduction in daily token unlocks starting July 2026. Concurrently, World Chain's on-chain activity soared, with active addresses growing nearly 650% in 30 days and its Total Value Secured (TVS) surpassing $610 million, primarily from bridge inflows. However, its decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem remains nascent, with a total value locked (TVL) of only ~$40 million largely concentrated in a single protocol. A standout metric is World Chain's high data usage: it has become the second-largest consumer of Ethereum Blobs (data storage units), trailing only Base. This indicates substantial real-user transaction demand, likely fueled by Worldcoin's identity verification and reward distribution activities on its dedicated chain. While its current growth is fueled by token momentum and bridge capital, World Chain's long-term success depends on converting this activity into a sustainable, diverse on-chain economy.

marsbit31m ago

Up Over 130% in a Month, Steadily Among Top Ethereum Blob Consumers—How Real is World Chain's Growth?

marsbit31m ago

Why Does 'AGI Godfather' Ben Goertzel Believe the Future of AI Relies on Blockchain?

Ben Goertzel, known as the "AGI Godfather," argues that the future of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) must be built on blockchain to prevent its control by a few corporations or venture capital firms. He believes the core AGI code should be free and open-source, but that this alone is insufficient without a decentralized infrastructure to run it affordably. His blockchain project, SingularityNET, and the broader Artificial Superintelligence Alliance aim to create a user-owned, decentralized network for hosting and deploying AGI, contrasting with the closed models of companies like OpenAI and Anthropic. Goertzel criticizes the shift of other labs from open to closed development. He argues that while a closed path is simpler, an open, decentralized model—akin to Linux and the internet—is both possible and ultimately better for humanity. He envisions an "Agent economy" where individuals orchestrate teams of AI agents to perform tasks, including transactions, on an open network rather than corporate clouds. While his current model relies on cryptocurrency, plans include offering paid AI services to businesses with the decentralized blockchain as the backend. Goertzel predicts human-level AGI could arrive by 2029 and warns that a gap in understanding and access to AGI could drastically worsen inequality. The first test of his decentralized approach will be the upcoming release of the Agent Omega Claw.

Foresight News40m ago

Why Does 'AGI Godfather' Ben Goertzel Believe the Future of AI Relies on Blockchain?

Foresight News40m ago

A Company Once on the Verge of Collapse Now Has a Market Cap Surpassing Bitcoin

"Once nearly bankrupt, SK Hynix now surpasses Bitcoin in market cap." On June 22, SK Hynix's market value reached $1.35 trillion, exceeding Bitcoin's $1.29 trillion, driven by soaring demand for its High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM), a critical component for AI training. As NVIDIA's primary HBM supplier with over 60% market share, the company reported a 72% operating profit margin in Q1. Its remarkable turnaround stems from a 13-year bet on HBM technology, initiated in 2009 and rescued by SK Group's acquisition in 2012. The company plans a Nasdaq listing, potentially attracting more institutional capital. This milestone highlights a market preference for tangible AI infrastructure assets—like HBM with its physical scarcity and verifiable revenue—over narrative-driven crypto-AI projects, which remain in early developmental stages and lack comparable proof of scalable demand or economic models. The capital shift underscores the premium placed on real-world supply constraints and profitability in the current AI boom.

marsbit47m ago

A Company Once on the Verge of Collapse Now Has a Market Cap Surpassing Bitcoin

marsbit47m ago

Trading

Spot

Futures

Hot Articles

What is BNB WHALES

Understanding BNB Whales: A Deep Dive into the Cryptocurrency Landscape Introduction to BNB Whales In the vibrant world of cryptocurrencies, new projects regularly emerge, often promising innovative solutions and unique experiences. One such project is BNB Whales, launched in 2023 and built on the BNB Smart Chain (BEP20). BNB Whales sets out to establish a distinctive presence within the cryptocurrency ecosystem, focusing on creating an engaging platform that combines the benefits of blockchain technology with social and gaming interactions. This article aims to delve deeper into BNB Whales, exploring its core components, mechanics, and developmental trajectory. What are BNB Whales? BNB Whales is a cryptocurrency initiative that seeks to provide a diverse range of features and opportunities for its users in the burgeoning Web3 environment. Utilizing the BEP20 standard, the project operates with a total token supply of 100 trillion (100,000,000,000,000,000). Despite this significant figure, it is noteworthy that no tokens are currently in circulation, indicating that the project may still be in its early developmental stages. The primary goal of BNB Whales is to create a platform where users can participate in various interactive activities while benefiting from the security and transparency afforded by blockchain technology. By fostering a unique and engaging environment, BNB Whales aims to build a strong community of users who are invested in the project and its development. Who is the Creator of BNB Whales? The identity of the creator of BNB Whales remains undisclosed at this time, presenting a challenge for those looking to understand the project's founding principles and visionary insights. This absence of publicly available information regarding the project's leadership may raise questions among potential investors and users about its governance and accountability structure. Who are the Investors of BNB Whales? As BNB Whales continues to evolve, information concerning specific investors or support from investment foundations is currently unavailable. The project’s official documentation, including its whitepaper, does not disclose either individual or institutional financial backers. The lack of transparency in this regard can sometimes raise questions about the legitimacy and sustainability of new projects within the cryptocurrency ecosystem. How Does BNB Whales Work? BNB Whales operates on the BNB Smart Chain utilizing the BEP20 standard, which is known for its efficiency and low transaction fees, attracting a variety of developers and projects. The unique aspect of BNB Whales lies in its focus on creating a community-driven platform. While precise operational details are scarce, the project emphasizes interaction and engagement, potentially incorporating gamified elements into its offerings. The emphasis on community is pivotal, as it aligns with prevailing trends in the cryptocurrency space, where user input and participation often dictate a project's success. Further innovation may be anticipated, but at present, the specific mechanisms and features that differentiate BNB Whales from other crypto initiatives remain to be fully elucidated. Without detailed information regarding its functionality, it is challenging to evaluate the project's differentiators comprehensively. Timeline of BNB Whales The development of BNB Whales has unfolded across key milestones, marking its journey in the cryptocurrency landscape. Below is a timeline of significant events pertaining to the project: 2023: Launch of BNB Whales, marking the project's entry into the market. 2023: Publication of the project's whitepaper, which lays out the overarching goals and operational framework. Ongoing: BNB Whales continues to develop its features, aiming to build a robust user base and expand its offerings. Key Points About BNB Whales Platform: BNB Smart Chain (BEP20) Total Supply: 100 trillion tokens (100,000,000,000,000,000) Circulating Supply: 0 tokens (indicating a nascent stage) Project Goal: To foster an engaging cryptocurrency platform for interaction and community building. Creator: Unknown Investors: Not disclosed Operational Status: Active with ongoing development and expansion Conclusion As BNB Whales navigates the competitive cryptocurrency landscape, it offers a glimpse into the potential of community-driven projects built on the foundations of blockchain technology. By focusing on engagement and interaction, the initiative stands at the forefront of innovation in the Web3 space. However, the project's success ultimately hinges on the clarity of its operational mechanics, the disclosure of its governance, and the establishment of a solid user community. For potential users and investors alike, BNB Whales represents a case study in the evolving nature of cryptocurrency projects—one that illustrates both the exciting possibilities and the complexities associated with new initiatives. As the landscape continues to evolve, it will be essential to monitor BNB Whales' progress and its impact on the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem.

3.7k Total ViewsPublished 2024.04.01Updated 2024.12.03

What is PONKE BNB

Ponke BNB: A New Approach in the Cryptocurrency Space Introduction Ponke BNB, a newcomer in the cryptocurrency arena, was launched in 2024 and operates on the BNB Smart Chain (BEP20) platform. This innovative project seeks to build a distinctive and engaged community, focusing on sustainable reward generation. As the cryptocurrency landscape evolves, Ponke BNB aims to address critical issues surrounding reward sustainability, making it a project worth observing for enthusiasts and investors alike. What is Ponke BNB? At its core, Ponke BNB is a cryptocurrency designed specifically for the BNB Smart Chain ecosystem. Boasting an immense total supply of 370,000,000,000,000,000 tokens, it is worth noting that currently, there are no tokens in circulation. The guiding mission of Ponke BNB is to foster a sustainable reward system that mitigates the challenges associated with rewards depletion, a common pitfall in many cryptocurrencies today. The mechanics of Ponke BNB's functionality centre around encouraging user participation, while simultaneously providing rewards that can stand the test of time. The unique structure of its reward system is aimed at ensuring longevity and stability, addressing essential market concerns. Who is the Creator of Ponke BNB? Despite extensive exploration, the identity of Ponke BNB's creator remains unknown. There is a notable absence of publicly available information regarding the project’s founder or its development team. This anonymity, while not uncommon in the cryptocurrency space, raises some questions about transparency and accountability in project management. Who are the Investors of Ponke BNB? Similar to the lack of clarity surrounding its creator, there is no public information available regarding any investment foundations or organizations that support Ponke BNB. This absence of investor data can often breed uncertainty among prospective investors, who typically prefer a clear understanding of the backing behind cryptocurrencies they consider engaging with. How Does Ponke BNB Work? Ponke BNB stands out through its inventive two-layered sustainable reward generating system. This system is built to tackle the issue of rewards depletion effectively. By engaging users and creating a vibrant community, Ponke BNB seeks to provide a stable and enjoyable environment, which emphasizes user interaction and rewards. The operation framework of Ponke BNB encourages participation through various activities and challenges that are designed to incentivise users while ensuring that the reward system remains sustainable. It aims to stimulate the community and promote an engaging atmosphere where members can feel valued and appreciated. Timeline of Ponke BNB The evolution of Ponke BNB can be summarized through a few key milestones: 2024: The inception of Ponke BNB on the BNB Smart Chain (BEP20) platform marked a significant entry into the cryptocurrency market. 2024: The release of the project’s whitepaper and official website provided comprehensive insights into Ponke BNB’s goals and objectives, forming the foundation for its community-driven approach. Key Features of Ponke BNB Ponke BNB is built on several key features that set it apart from other cryptocurrency projects: Sustainable Reward System The two-layered reward system is designed to foster engagement, prevent depletion of rewards, and ensure the longevity of returns for participants in the Ponke BNB ecosystem. Community Engagement The project places a strong emphasis on active community engagement, driving participation through activities designed to create a social and collaborative environment. This community-centric approach empowers users to have a hand in shaping the project's future directions. BNB Smart Chain Integration Operating on the BEP20 platform, Ponke BNB is reinforced by the security and efficiency offered by the BNB Smart Chain. Users benefit from fast and cost-effective transactions, positioning Ponke BNB well within the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem. Conclusion In summary, Ponke BNB is an emergent cryptocurrency project aiming to carve a niche for itself in the growing digital currency landscape. With its focus on a sustainable reward system and community engagement, it presents a fresh outlook in an otherwise volatile sector. While uncertainties linger concerning the project's creators and investors, Ponke BNB continues to strive for transparency and innovation. As the cryptocurrency market continues to develop, Ponke BNB’s principles of sustainability and community-driven dynamics place it in a promising light for future observers and participants alike.

3.5k Total ViewsPublished 2024.04.01Updated 2024.12.03

What is BNB CARD

Understanding BNB Card: Revolutionizing Digital Identity in Web3 In the rapidly evolving landscape of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency, the BNB Card or $BNBCARD stands out as a noteworthy project. This community-driven utility meme token leverages the BNB Smart Chain (BSC), aiming to integrate meme culture with innovative digital identity solutions. As more users dive into the realms of decentralization, it is crucial to dissect what BNB Card offers, its operational nuances, and its potential market impact. What is BNB Card ($BNBCARD)? At its core, BNB Card represents a meme token with substantial utility. It is designed to empower users by enabling the creation of personalized digital identity cards that are both expressive and functional. The project encapsulates several key features: Customizable ID Cards: Users have the ability to design Binance-themed digital ID cards, providing them with a platform for self-expression and enhanced community interaction. Decentralized Framework: Developed on the BSC, BNB Card emphasizes key attributes such as security, transparency, and user sovereignty. The decentralized nature of the framework allows for transactions that are both efficient and secure. Community-Centric Model: The emphasis on grassroots participation rather than laboratory-driven financial models creates an engaging environment for its users. By leveraging the inherent virality of meme culture, BNB Card fosters a robust community movement. The primary goal of BNB Card is to democratize digital identity tools in Web3, offering accessible solutions that benefit the users without the encumbrances typically associated with traditional identity management systems. Creator and Investors When exploring the identity behind BNB Card, it is important to note that no singular creator is explicitly credited. Instead, the project appears to be community-driven, suggesting a collective effort inspired by the notion of Binance's “Early Builder Card.” This organic development approach is common among projects within the meme token spectrum, where development is often influenced by the community's passion rather than a central authority. In terms of investment, the absence of publicly disclosed institutional backers further highlights the project's grassroots foundation. It thrives on organic community support, reflecting a usual characteristic of meme-driven projects that often engage their audience through social channels rather than formal investment routes. How It Works BNB Card employs several mechanisms that delineate its functioning and innovative spirit: Token Utility: The BNBCARD token allows users access to a suite of ID creation tools while also providing a platform for community governance. The token serves as the linchpin that enables these functionalities. Blockchain Integration: By utilizing the BSC, BNB Card ensures compatibility with Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-based applications. This integration provides users with the benefits of low transaction fees while enhancing accessibility. DIY Ecosystem: Central to BNB Card’s appeal is its do-it-yourself (DIY) approach to digital identity card generation. This participatory element encourages users to engage in creative expression, fostering an inclusive culture that thrives on contribution and collaboration. Timeline Chronology is vital to understanding BNB Card's trajectory. Important milestones in the project’s history include: March 18, 2025: BNB Card was listed on LBank, marking a significant step in its exchange journey and opening doors for liquidity and user accessibility. March 19, 2025: A pivotal moment occurred as the token experienced an astronomical surge of 26,000% within 24 hours, garnering attention for its potential and the community’s enthusiasm. Ongoing Developments: The project is continuously expanding its partnerships with decentralized exchanges (DEXs) like PancakeSwap, further enhancing liquidity and user engagement. Innovation and Differentiation Understanding what sets BNB Card apart involves deeper exploration into its innovative framework: Meme-Utility Hybrid: BNB Card successfully merges the playful allure of meme culture with practical applications in digital identity management. This niche approach effectively caters to a broad demographic, appealing to both tech-savvy users and those new to crypto. Decentralized Governance: Operating devoid of centralized control allows the project to harness community input directly. The collective decision-making process buoyed by community involvement empowers users, ensuring their voices contribute to the development and direction of the project. Scalability: BNB Card stands to benefit immensely from the 2025 roadmap upgrades to the BNB Chain, which include enhancements such as increased transaction speeds and the integration of artificial intelligence tools. These improvements position the project advantageously within a highly competitive environment. Conclusion BNB Card is emblematic of a new wave of digital identity solutions within the Web3 ecosystem. By blending fun, community engagement, and practical utility, it invites users to participate actively in shaping their digital personas. As the project navigates the dynamic cryptocurrency landscape, its success will likely hinge on maintaining strong community support while adapting to technological advancements and user needs. The integration of decentralization with meme culture serves not only as a means for user-driven engagement but also as a foundation for the evolving narrative surrounding digital identity in the age of blockchain. In summation, BNB Card not only exemplifies the convergence of creativity and utility within the crypto space but also underscores the importance of community in steering the future of decentralized technologies.

3.9k Total ViewsPublished 2025.03.26Updated 2025.03.26

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BNB (BNB) are presented below.