杰克逊霍尔年会回顾和前瞻:所有人都在关注鲍威尔今晚讲话

币界网Опубліковано о 2024-08-23Востаннє оновлено о 2024-08-23

币界网报道:

来源:Elisabeth Buchwald,CNN;编译:0xjs@

山腰度假村和经济学家有什么共同点?如果不是堪萨斯城联邦储备银行每年在怀俄明州杰克逊霍尔(Jackson Hole)郊外提顿山脉山谷中的杰克逊湖旅馆举办仅受邀者参加的峰会,那么几乎没有共同点。

又到了一年一度的这个时候。在接下来的三天里,来自世界各地的顶级经济学家将齐聚一堂,与渴望了解经济前景的记者和投资者交流。但你不需要邀请就能听到无疑将成为硅谷热议话题的话题:美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔将于美国东部时间周五上午 10 点发表主旨演讲。

他的讲话不仅对美国经济至关重要,对美联储官员也同样如此。

上个月,美国失业率意外跃升至 4.3%,为 2021 年 10 月以来的最高水平。与此同时,雇主在 7 月份仅雇用了 114,000 名新工人,这是自 2020 年 12 月以来第二低的月度增幅。令人失望的数据引发了一些人担心,即经济可能很快陷入衰退——或者更糟的是,已经陷入衰退。

美联储因此受到大量批评,因为其在7 月份就业报告公布前两天召开的上次会议中决定不降息。目前,由于劳动力市场降温,通胀率仅略高于美联储 2% 的目标,人们普遍预计央行将在 9 月份降息。但一些经济学家担心,央行官员等待的时间太长,这种拖延可能会加剧劳动力市场的疲软。

美国劳工统计局周三公布的新数据并没有平息这些担忧。尽管尚未最终确定,但该机构对就业数据的年度审查显示,今年 3 月份的就业岗位比最初报告的少了 818,000 个。

因此,根据联邦基金期货数据,越来越多的投资者现在相信美联储下个月可能会选择降息0.5个百分点,而不是更常见的0.25个百分点。此外,这些数据也增加了美联储今年降息不止一次的可能性。

鲍威尔在这场讨论中持什么立场?我们本周五就能知道答案。

历年杰克逊霍尔会议回顾:并非只是说说而已

2023年,投资者将鲍威尔在杰克逊霍尔的讲话解读为美联储已完成加息的信号,尽管鲍威尔表示仍有可能加息。市场上涨,道琼斯指数上涨 241 点,涨幅 0.7%。他们的解读最终是正确的——美联储自去年 7 月以来就没有加息过。

鲍威尔2022年杰克逊霍尔主题演讲却引发了完全相反的反应。它表明官员们将毫不犹豫地对抗通胀,即使这意味着给家庭和企业带来“痛苦”(鲍威尔说)。当天,道琼斯工业平均指数、标准普尔 500 指数和纳斯达克综合指数均下跌至少 3%。

2023年杰克逊霍尔会议之后,美联储随后召开会议,两次加息,每次加息四分之三个百分点。

鲍威尔并不是唯一一位利用杰克逊霍尔会议机会预告货币政策变化的美国央行行长。

例如,2010年,时任美联储主席的本·伯南克暗示,随着经济从大衰退中复苏,央行可能会进一步放松金融环境,并表示“有政策选项可以提供额外的刺激”。伯南克在杰克逊霍尔发表讲话几个月后,他公布了全新的债券购买计划,旨在降低利率,在金融危机后刺激经济。这一举措现在被称为 QE2,即量化宽松的简称。

随后,伯南克在2012年杰克逊霍尔会议上表示,劳动力市场停滞是一个“严重问题”。伯南克发表讲话后,市场最初下跌,但当天收盘时上涨。杰克逊霍尔会议后不久,美联储推出了 QE3

2016年,时任美联储主席、现任财政部长珍妮特·耶伦 (Janet Yellen) 利用杰克逊霍尔 (Jackson Hole) 会议的讲话为市场做好进一步加息的准备,她表示,她相信“近几个月来,联邦基金利率上调的理由更加充分”。从2016年12月开始,美联储大约每三次会议加息一次,直至2018 年。

鲍威尔可能采取的措施

经济学家预计鲍威尔的讲话将呈现鸽派基调:也就是说,央行行长倾向于采取降低利率等措施来刺激经济抵消疲软,而不是专注于降低通胀。

问题只是鲍威尔的立场会变得多么温和。

花旗集团经济学家在周三的一份报告中表示,仅仅提到周三大幅下调就业数据就意味着 9 月份会议可能会降息0.5个百分点。该银行经济学家预测 9 月和 11 月会议都会降息0.5个百分点。

高盛经济学家预计鲍威尔将表达“对通胀前景更加有信心”的态度,并可能表示官员们正在密切关注劳动力市场数据,同时指出美联储“在必要时有能力支持经济”。

高盛经济学家在本周早些时候的一份报告中表示,此类言论将巩固9月份的降息,但在9月6日公布的8月份就业报告之前,降息规模的问题仍未确定。

虽然他们并不指望鲍威尔会说出任何暗示当前利率水平“在通胀方面取得的进展并不合适”的言论,但如果他真的这么说,那么 9 月份进一步降息的可能性就会增加,也为未来会议进一步降息提供理由。

不过,鲍威尔并不是唯一一位出席杰克逊霍尔会议的美联储官员。包括堪萨斯城联储主席杰弗里·施密德和亚特兰大联储主席拉斐尔·博斯蒂克在内的许多其他央行重要人物也将出席会议,接受即兴媒体采访,这可能比鲍威尔的讲话更能为经济前景提供信息。

Пов'язані матеріали

Bitwise CIO: STRC Plunge is a Bottom Signal, Bull Market to Begin in Autumn

Matt Hougan, Chief Investment Officer at Bitwise, explains the recent Bitcoin price drop below $60,000 and its connection to the steep decline in MicroStrategy's STRC (Strategy's Perpetual Preferred Stock). STRC, designed as a high-yield, stable-price instrument, fell from its $100 target to $75 due to market fears over MicroStrategy's ability to sustain its dividend amid Bitcoin's price weakness. Hougan clarifies that while MicroStrategy's overall financial position remains strong, with significant Bitcoin holdings and cash, the core market anxiety centered on the optional nature of the dividend payments. In response, MicroStrategy announced a new operational framework: it will sell some Bitcoin as needed to fund dividends, will no longer actively defend the $100 share price through dividend hikes, and may repurchase STRC on the open market. This shift marks a change in MicroStrategy's role from a consistent, one-way buyer of Bitcoin to a more dynamic participant that may both buy and sell. According to Hougan, the STRC volatility is a classic late-cycle event, signaling the painful but necessary process of flushing out excessive leverage from the market. He draws parallels to the unwinding of the GBTC premium in the previous cycle. He identifies key potential bottoming signals: MSTR trading at a discount to its net asset value (NAV), extreme readings on the Crypto Fear & Greed Index, and persistently negative Bitcoin funding rates. Hougan concludes that while the exact timing of the market bottom is unpredictable, the current deleveraging phase suggests it is near. He expresses confidence that a new bull market will begin in the fall of this year, with the next major wave of buying expected to come from institutional investors like banks, asset managers, and pension funds.

Foresight News21 хв тому

Bitwise CIO: STRC Plunge is a Bottom Signal, Bull Market to Begin in Autumn

Foresight News21 хв тому

ENS Founder Seeks to 'Seize Power' from DAO

On June 29th, the ENS community entered the on-chain voting phase for a proposal to renew the ENS DAO Security Council's veto power for two more years. Shortly after voting began, ENS founder Nick Johnson used his substantial ENS holdings to cast over 3.55 million votes against the proposal, swinging the outcome despite initial strong support. The Security Council was established in July 2024 with a 4/8 multisig veto power to protect the DAO's treasury (valued over $350 million) from malicious proposals during a period of low voter participation. Its powers were limited to vetoing only harmful proposals, not normal ones. Nick Johnson's opposition stems from broader concerns about ENS DAO's governance. In late 2025, he and others expressed frustration that the DAO had become mired in political gamesmanship, with capable contributors leaving and leadership falling to less experienced or misaligned parties. This context set the stage for a major restructuring proposal by ENS COO Katherine Wu on June 19th, titled "Next Era of ENS DAO: Empowering the ENS Foundation." The controversial proposal aims to transfer daily operations, treasury management, and long-term strategy to a restructured ENS Foundation with a professional board, while the DAO would retain core protocol governance powers. Critics, including original ENS constitution author Brantly Millegan, argue this effectively transfers treasury control from token holders to ENS Labs (the core development team), undermining the DAO's original decentralized design. Nick's massive "no" vote on the Security Council renewal is seen as the first move in this power struggle. He explained his vote was due to concerns about insufficient checks on the Council's power and the potential for its veto to be used politically. In response, Katherine Wu submitted a revised proposal with higher execution thresholds (5/8 instead of 4/8) and stricter limits. The push for change comes as ENS's annual revenue has declined significantly, from over $10 million in 2023 to under $2 million in 2025, increasing pressure to manage the treasury more effectively. Nick Johnson now faces the challenge of proving that a more structured foundation can steer ENS better than the current DAO model.

Foresight News51 хв тому

ENS Founder Seeks to 'Seize Power' from DAO

Foresight News51 хв тому

Торгівля

Спот
活动图片