EigenLayer 的经济模型失败了嘛?

链捕手Опубліковано о 2024-08-16Востаннє оновлено о 2024-08-16

原标题:《Eigenlayer's economic model is broken》

作者:Zach Rynes | CLG

编译:Peisen,BlockBeats

 

编者按:

在研究了 Eigenlayer 节点运营商和用户之间的僵局、AVS 的经济负担以及预言机面临的技术挑战后,@ChainLinkGod 指出,Eigenlayer 经济模型的实际运作暴露出了一系列深层次的问题,其并未提供真正的解决方案来启动新的去中心化基础设施协议。

Eigenlayer 的经济模型出现了问题

该协议并未提供真正的解决方案来启动新的去中心化基础设施协议。

启动问题是经典的「鸡和蛋」问题,具体如下:

(1) 节点运营商不会加入并保护网络,除非这样做对他们有利可图。

(2) 用户不会付费使用网络,除非已经有一组节点运营商在保护网络。

因此,存在一个僵局,其中供应和需求的存在相互依赖。

这一僵局通过发行新代币来解决,通过代币通货膨胀补贴供应方,以确保节点加入是有利可图的——即使在网络本身尚未盈利之前。

然后,如果网络提供了有价值的服务,并且需求方的采用增加,用户费用的增长最终会取代补贴,使网络变得净盈利。

在 Eigenlayer 上启动的协议(AVS)仍然需要以完全相同的方式进行启动,但 Eigenlayer 的特性使得问题更加严重:

(1) AVS 放弃了代币的效用,因为其原生发行的代币不再是唯一的质押 / 担保资产,取而代之的是质押的 ETH/EIGEN。

(2) 由于 AVS 在起步阶段并不盈利,它们必须通过自身代币供应的通货膨胀来支付质押的 ETH/EIGEN——参与者对该 AVS 代币缺乏一致性,可能会出售以积累更多的 ETH/EIGEN。

(3) 对于任何成功的 AVS,它们将需要将收入让渡给 ETH/EIGEN 质押者,从而对协议造成净流失,因为收入流出其生态系统。

这种安排对资金充足或位置良好的项目没有意义,这些项目不需要削弱其代币的效用和价值来吸引资本和验证者。

任何成功并生成收入的 AVS 很可能会脱离 Eigenlayer,以保留更多的自身收入,并为其原生代币累积更多价值,就像许多 dApp 成为自己的 L2/L3/appChain 以捕获更多费用 /MEV 一样。

协议只有在以下情况下才会想要成为并保持 AVS:(1)其成本通过 EIGEN 代币通货膨胀得到补贴,(2)基于再质押炒作获得 VC 融资,或(3)通过类似于失败的 L1 转型为 L2 的叙事转变获得利益。

除了经济学方面,成为 AVS 并不意味着用户能够获得更高质量的服务或更优的安全保障。

特别是对于预言机,我们可以看到三大主要挑战:

(1) DevOps:节点运营商是否是知名的可靠实体,能够管理高性能且抗干扰的基础设施?其基础设施能否扩展到数千个数据源,并在极端区块链网络拥堵和对抗性 P2P 网络条件下保持低延迟?运营商能否及时识别和解决问题?

(2) 数据质量:运营商是否仅从具有严格准确性 / 可用性保证的高质量数据提供者处汇总数据?数据汇总方法是否能在极端市场波动期间反映资产的体积 / 流动性加权市场价格?网络参与者能否及时识别和解决数据提供问题?

(3) 代码质量:链上和链下代码是否抗操控和漏洞?是否有足够的第三方审计 / 评审,如果出现漏洞,问题能多快被识别和解决?

Eigenlayer 并未提供任何解决方案,因此,即使一个预言机 AVS 拥有大量质押的 ETH/EIGEN,这也无法保证该预言机的可靠性、准确性或性能。

迄今为止,预言机或桥尚未遭遇任何经济攻击,因为质押的担保物只是额外的安全层(协议可以更有效地自我提供的)。

Eigenlayer 转型并向 AVS 代币作为再质押资产的支持,实际上是承认 Eigen 的核心经济模型存在问题,从未合理,他们自己也在尝试找到对其 120 亿美元担保资产的收益。

在可预见的未来,Eigenlayer 仍将是 ETH 质押者的补贴收益池。

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