美监管“叫停”BUSD!是时候了解一下值得期待的几个新DeFi 稳定币了

白话区块链Опубликовано 2023-02-20Обновлено 2023-02-20

Введение

本文带大家简单回顾下过去几年的几个主要稳定币流派,然后讲讲最新几个好玩的或是有希望杀出重围的新稳定币项目。

最近稳定币再次站上了风口浪尖。

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原因不外乎BUSD的发行机构Paxos被NYDFS查水表,结果一纸政令说“无法在全面监管的基础上安全稳健地运营 BUSD”导致BUSD直接被停发,Binance无奈表示未来不会使用BUSD作为主要交易对,算是“认怂”。

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这件事也被看成是Binance做大做强之后遭遇的“美国铁拳”事件之一,树大招风有时候就是这么无奈,Binance在BUSD之后会用什么不得而知,有消息说已经有机构与Binance接触拟合作推出替代BUSD的新稳定币,且不一定是锚定美元,还是让人有点好奇

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事件也再次引发了圈内对稳定币的关注度。毕竟自USDT诞生以来,稳定币已然在圈内生态位占据了越来越多的重要性,无论是圈内各大主流Token的流动性,还是最有希望破圈的支付领域,稳定币都是绕不开的那最为重要的一环。

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本文就带大家简单回顾下过去几年的几个主要稳定币流派,然后讲讲最新几个好玩的或是有希望杀出重围的新稳定币项目。

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一、稳定币发展简史

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过去几年圈内习惯把稳定币分成三大流派:

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>法币抵押型

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>加密资产抵押型

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>无抵押类型(也叫算法稳定币)

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法币抵押型最简单明了,没啥好讲的,从最早的USDT到后来居上的USDC以及这次时间风口浪尖的BUSD都是,比较好玩的是USDT过去几年饱受各方质疑,结果现在看却是最稳的一个。

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加密资产抵押型的发展史其实比较有趣,通常大家认为最早的是MakerDAO做的DAI,但其实圈内老人都知道,BTS 2014年就在玩这一套,只不过失败了,后来时隔多年,DeFi火了之后,DAI这种加密资产抵押型稳定币才再次进入人们的视线。

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加密资产抵押型算是相对Crpyto Native的东西,也尝试过许多的方向,几个代表型如下:

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1. BTS - 超额抵押BTS,生成bitcny或是bitUSD,生不逢时,早了好几年,卒;

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2. MakerDAO - 超额抵押ETH,生成DAI,算是加密资产抵押型代表作了,虽然现在已然不在纯粹;

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3. SNX - sUSD也是Defi Summer杀出来的加密抵押型资产,吸取了BTS两倍抵押容易爆的教训,我来个6倍抵押!果然从来就没爆过。

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DeFi Summer时候类似的项目很多,比如当时号称算稳三杰(其实都不是真的算稳,而是偏加密抵押型)的Fei、Float、Reflexer之类,篇幅关系就不展开讲了。

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无抵押类型自然就是大家常说的算稳了,最旁氏也是最FOMO的东西,当年还有过一个短暂的算稳Summer,AMPL开创了Rebase纪元,然后ESD接力,紧接着BAS,FOMO一段时间后全部失败,然而我们并不放弃,我们找到了Luna,UST终于成为第一个“成功”的算稳,市值200亿,币圈前十,然而算稳天生的脆弱性导致大如Luna,也可以短短几天轰然倒塌。

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二、活下来的稳定币

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法币抵押型只要不遭遇铁锤不会担心生存问题,算稳则是基本全军覆没,目前活下来的几个有特色的分别是下面这几个:

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1. DAI(MakerDAO)

虽然是龙头,但后来经历312黑天鹅事件之后因为担心清算风险,硬是把DAI的抵押物成分改成了USDC占最大比例,丢了不少印象分,从MKR的价格你也能看出一二。

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2. sUSD(SNX)

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前几年一直在寻求发展,但无奈合成资产这个赛道始终是叫好不叫座,无论是股票还是大宗外汇等都没能取得多大进展,因为忌惮Sec的铁拳还把股票市场给彻底关停。但全局债务这个创新确实是圈内一大亮点,现在GMX和GNS背后的机制其实都有SNX的影子。

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随着L2的崛起,SNX Perp以及原子交换的上线,以及配合Curve的无滑点交换,sUSD现在的作用也是越来越大了。

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3. LUSD(Liquity)

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你可以把它想成是纯净版的MakerDAO,依旧坚持ETH抵押生成LUSD,可惜名气不行,始终没啥流量和应用场景,一个字:难。

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4. MIM (Abracadabra)

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你可以把这东西理解成多链LSD+MakerDAO,MIM算是最早一批LSD概念的Token,拿来生成稳定币Mim的必须都是生息资产,比如xSushi,veCrv等等,颇有现在Ldo+Curve这种释放stETH流动性的既视感,同时人家还多链部署。

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当时算是个不错的创新,可惜熊市遭受重创,创始人Daniele的Defi三件套风光不再,目前也只能是个“苟延残喘”的地步。

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5. Frax

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算是本轮最成功的稳定币,开创了加密抵押+算稳的结合体模式,俗称“部分抵押算稳或者半算稳”,在V2的AMO,Fraxlend借代,Curve War,以及最近LSD火了之后的frxETH与sfrxETH的多重加持之下,Frax走出了一条与众不同的DeFi矩阵之路,算的上前途可期。

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然而目前哪怕是活下来的这一批稳定币,也依旧面临相对尴尬的局面,那就是其应用场景的缺失,基本所有CEX里你都不会见到这些稳定币,DEX这边,哪怕是最成功的DAI,sUSD,Frax你也基本上见不到他们的交易对(除了和其他稳定币的交易池),基本上你持有这些稳定币想要干其他事情的时候,都得去Curve先换成USDC或是USDT,然后再买

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所以无论是链上还是链下,目前USDT和USDC的统治依旧是如日中天

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三、未来值得期待的几个稳定币

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1. crvUSD (Curve)

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做稳定币Curve算是最“名正言顺”的,毕竟它最早就是个稳定币的DEX,现在有了越来越多的Peg资产,V2的新曲线,以及与SNX等协议的合作之后,Curve的生态越做越大,一边把脚伸到了Uni那边,一边筹划着稳定币crvUSD的上线。

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crvUSD一不怕清算,因为有那个反向Uni V3的LLAMA清算机制,抵押品一边跌一边帮你卖,所以不会出现312MakerDAO那种尴尬的局面;

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二不怕没地儿用,因为抵押品和crvUSD肯定会有个池子,天然就是一个交易对,至于流动性,你看看Curve那恐怖的TVL,这是你需要担心的问题么?

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2. GHO (AAVE)

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AAVE做稳定币也勉强算“名正言顺”,毕竟是最大的借代平台,上面各种大蓝筹,资本效率需要进一步的释放,稳定币就是最好的方案。

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AAVE没有Curve那边流动性与交易对的优势,不过他们引入了促进者“facilitator”这个东西,一下子把稳定币的灵活性给提了上来,除了超额抵押之外,还可以支持RWA,信用借代,Delta Neutral等策略,且彼此风险隔离,算是另一种方向的探索。

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3. dpxUSD

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这个算是一个小众的稳定币,也还没上线,Dopex是Arbitrum上最火的期权协议之一,他们近期打算拿Rdpx这个Token开发一个dpxUSD的稳定币,模仿frax,由USDC和rdPX共同铸造dpxUSD,75%USDC+25%的rDPX。

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不过据说最近迫于监管压力,把稳定币暂停了,做合成资产了,风格差不多,比如第一个ETH合成资产dpxETH就用75%的ETH+25%的rDPX,怎么保证挂钩呢(万一里面的rDPX跌的妈妈都不认识了咋办?),老本行这时候帮上忙了,每次铸造dpxETH时候除了用ETH+rDPX之外,还得单独买一份rdpx与ETH汇率的看跌期权,相当于买了个保险。

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这个虽说不是稳定币,但只是因为监管的原因,相信风头过了之后,我们还是有希望看到这种拿期权做保险的“半算法稳定币”的。

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