Hong Kong mempersiapkan bank untuk ancaman kuantum di tengah dorongan tokenisasi

cointelegraphPublicado em 2026-07-28Última atualização em 2026-07-28

Resumo

Otoritas Moneter Hong Kong (HKMA) telah meluncurkan kerangka kerja dan Indeks Kesiapan Kuantum (QPI) pertama untuk sektor perbankan, guna menilai kesiapan menghadapi ancaman komputasi kuantum. Indeks awal menunjukkan skor kesiapan sektor hanya 2,3 dari 10, dengan sekitar setengah lembaga yang disurvei belum memiliki perencanaan formal pasca-kuantum. HKMA menargetkan skor penuh 10 pada tahun 2030. Langkah ini mendesak karena Hong Kong semakin mengadopsi teknologi ledger terdistribusi dan tokenisasi, seperti penerbitan obligasi hijau tokenisasi senilai HK$16,8 miliar sejak 2023, serta proyek deposit tokenisasi dan aset digital. HKMA memperingatkan bahwa aplikasi ledger terdistribusi sangat bergantung pada kriptografi, yang dapat diretas oleh komputer kuantum di masa depan, sehingga berpotensi mengganggu fungsi inti sistem keuangan. Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari strategi Fintech 2030 HKMA, yang menempatkan tokenisasi sebagai pilar utama. Otoritas mendorong bank untuk segera memulai persiapan, mengingat proses migrasi ke kriptografi pasca-kuantum membutuhkan waktu bertahun-tahun. Data menunjukkan aset digital dalam kustodian bank Hong Kong tumbuh 180% pada akhir 2025, mencapai lebih dari HK$14 miliar.

Otoritas Moneter Hong Kong (HKMA) telah meluncurkan kerangka kerja untuk menilai kesiapan bank dalam menghadapi ancaman komputasi kuantum, seiring dengan perluasan penggunaan deposito ter-tokenisasi, aset digital, dan penyelesaian berbasis blockchain di kota tersebut.

Pada hari Senin, HKMA memperkenalkan buku putih tentang kesiapan kuantum dan Indeks Kesiapan Kuantum (Quantum Preparedness Index/QPI) pertama untuk sektor perbankan. Indeks ini memberikan skor kesiapan keseluruhan sektor sebesar 2,3 dari 10, sementara buku putih menemukan bahwa sekitar setengah dari lembaga yang disurvei tidak memiliki perencanaan formal pasca-kuantum. HKMA mengatakan bertujuan untuk mencapai kesiapan penuh sektor, yang direpresentasikan dengan skor QPI 10, pada tahun 2030.

Perkembangan ini terjadi seiring Hong Kong memindahkan lebih banyak aktivitas keuangan tradisional ke dalam buku besar terdistribusi. Data pemerintah menunjukkan bahwa Hong Kong telah menerbitkan tiga kelompok obligasi hijau ter-tokenisasi senilai total sekitar HK$16,8 miliar (sekitar US$2,1 miliar) sejak 2023, sementara HKMA memajukan deposito ter-tokenisasi dan penyelesaian aset digital melalui Proyek Ensemble.

Buku putih HKMA menyatakan bahwa aplikasi buku besar terdistribusi dan jaringan pembayaran bergantung pada kriptografi untuk fungsi inti dan dapat menghadapi gangguan parah jika perlindungan tersebut dibobol.

Disebutkan juga bahwa satu lembaga yang disurvei menyelesaikan proof of concept yang menerapkan kriptografi pasca-kuantum untuk konektivitas buku besar terdistribusi, dan mengutip penggunaan teknologi quantum-safe oleh HSBC pada 2024 untuk memindahkan emas ter-tokenisasi melintasi buku besar terdistribusi.

Dorongan tokenisasi Hong Kong meningkatkan taruhan kuantum

Inisiatif kuantum ini menyusul peluncuran strategi Fintech 2030 HKMA pada tahun 2025, yang menjadikan tokenisasi sebagai salah satu dari empat pilar strategis dalam rencana yang terdiri dari lebih dari 40 inisiatif.

Regulator tersebut mengatakan akan mempercepat tokenisasi aset riil (real-world asset/RWA), merutinkan penerbitan obligasi pemerintah ter-tokenisasi, dan mengeksplorasi surat berharga Dana Tukar ter-tokenisasi, dengan penyelesaian blockchain yang didukung oleh e-HKD, deposito ter-tokenisasi, dan stablecoin yang diatur.

Terkait: Hong Kong luncurkan inisiatif untuk bantu bank adopsi DLT

Dalam pidato tanggal 11 Februari 2026, Menteri Keuangan Hong Kong Paul Chan mengatakan bank-bank di Hong Kong memegang lebih dari HK$14 miliar (sekitar US$1,785 miliar) aset digital dalam penitipan pada akhir 2025, meningkat sekitar 180% dari tahun sebelumnya, sementara deposito ter-tokenisasi telah mencapai HK$29 miliar (US$3,7 miliar).

Menurut buku putih HKMA, komputer kuantum yang mampu menjalankan algoritma Shor dalam skala besar pada akhirnya dapat memecah kriptografi RSA dan kurva eliptik yang banyak digunakan. Hal ini dapat memungkinkan penyerang untuk mendekripsi data yang dilindungi atau memalsukan tanda tangan digital yang digunakan untuk mengotorisasi transaksi, memverifikasi identitas, dan membangun kepercayaan dalam sistem keuangan.

Karena mengganti sistem kriptografi yang tertanam dapat memakan waktu bertahun-tahun, HKMA mendesak bank untuk mulai melakukan inventarisasi, penilaian risiko, dan perencanaan migrasi sebelum mesin-mesin seperti itu tersedia.

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Perguntas relacionadas

QApa itu Indeks Kesiapan Kuantum (QPI) dan apa skor yang dicapai sektor perbankan Hong Kong?

AIndeks Kesiapan Kuantum (QPI) adalah alat yang diperkenalkan oleh Otoritas Moneter Hong Kong (HKMA) untuk menilai kesiapan perbankan menghadapi ancaman komputasi kuantum. Sektor perbankan Hong Kong saat ini mendapat skor keseluruhan 2,3 dari 10.

QMengapa peralihan Hong Kong ke teknologi buku besar terdistribusi (distributed ledger) meningkatkan urgensi untuk mengatasi ancaman kuantum?

AAplikasi buku besar terdistribusi dan jaringan pembayaran bergantung pada kriptografi untuk fungsi intinya. Jika perlindungan kriptografi ini dapat dibobol oleh komputer kuantum, sistem keuangan yang mengandalkannya akan menghadapi gangguan parah.

QApa tujuan HKMA terkait kesiapan kuantum untuk sektor perbankan dan kapan targetnya?

AHKMA bertujuan untuk mencapai kesiapan penuh sektor perbankan, yang direpresentasikan oleh skor QPI 10, pada tahun 2030.

QApa saja inisiatif yang disebutkan terkait tokenisasi aset dalam artikel ini?

AInisiatif tokenisasi termasuk penerbitan tiga kelompok obligasi hijau tokenisasi senilai HK$16,8 miliar, pengembangan deposito tokenisasi dan penyelesaian aset digital melalui Proyek Ensemble, serta rencana untuk mempercepat tokenisasi aset dunia nyata (RWA) dan menerbitkan tokenized Exchange Fund papers.

QBagaimana ancaman dari komputer kuantum dapat mempengaruhi sistem keuangan menurut makalah putih HKMA?

AKomputer kuantum yang mampu menjalankan algoritma Shor dalam skala besar pada akhirnya dapat memecah kriptografi RSA dan kurva eliptik yang banyak digunakan. Hal ini memungkinkan penyerang mendekripsi data terlindungi atau memalsukan tanda tangan digital yang digunakan untuk mengotorisasi transaksi, memverifikasi identitas, dan membangun kepercayaan dalam sistem keuangan.

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