风靡创投圈的Web3是什么?它与区块链到底有什么区别?

区块链骑士Pubblicato 2023-01-03Pubblicato ultima volta 2023-01-03

Introduzione

风靡创投圈的Web3是什么?它与区块链到底有什么区别?

上个月,微软前董事总经理、Neo现任开发主管John deVadoss写了一篇专栏文章,批评Web3这个术语。

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deVadoss认为,这个词是“风投类型”的营销策略,并没有为已经存在的“区块链”增加什么价值。

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他在一篇文章中写道,其粘性的部分原因是政府不喜欢“Crypto”一词。

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Neo成立于2014年,原名蚂蚁股份。John之前在微软工作了近20年,开发了.net和Azure等平台。在他看来,“Web3”更多的是无稽之谈。

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他认为Web3的时尚地位在一定程度上是因为Twitter和LinkedIn上的“普通民众”(hoi populi)喜欢用这个词把自己与他们眼中的下一个大事件联系在一起。

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Web3这个术语已经出现了20多年,但直到2021年底才突然流行起来,埃隆·马斯克等知名人士开始谈论它。

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根据谷歌Trends的数据来看,自2021年12月达到峰值以来,人们对这个词的兴趣已经下降了约25%。然而,2022年11月开始了一个下降的轨迹,在撰写本文时还没有恢复。

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Web3是什么?

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Web3的定义取决于你问谁。但是,Web3这个词的首次使用要追溯到1999年万维网的发明者Tim Berners-Lee。

他的定义也被另一个绰号所熟知:“语义网”。Tim Berners-Lee的配置涉及到未来所有计算机都能智能分析互联网上的所有数据,“机器与机器对话”。

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这种智能分析将通过标签、网络结构、共享词汇、定义和标准来实现,这些标准将使网络上的所有数据都能被机器读懂。

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万维网联盟是一个由Tim Berners-Lee领导的组织,直到今天仍然支持Web3的定义。

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然而,最流行的Web3定义是由Polkadot的创始人Gavin Wood首次使用的。

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2014年,Gavin用这个词来描述互联网的第三个阶段将会呈现为一个更加去中心化,较少受大型科技公司的监视和资本主义主导的形式。

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Gavin也是以太坊的联合创始人,他设想着第三个阶段是在区块链(分布式账本技术)上运行的。通过使价值和信息交换更加安全、高效和透明,Gavin断言Web3将带来重大的社会和经济变革。

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Web3:一个无需认证的网络?

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去年,Gavin在CNBC的“超越硅谷”播客上表示,Web3可以实现一个无需认证的互联网。“我们必须信任这些服务背后的人。”

在他的设想中,信托将被算法和基于区块链的智能合约所取代,这也是以太坊与比特币的区别之一。

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“因此,没有人真的比其他人有任何优势,不是在同样的意义上,至少当你去亚马逊,你去eBay或Facebook,在这些地方,服务背后的公司对他们在提供服务时所做的事情拥有绝对的权力。”

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定义仍有争议

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Gavin对Web3的定义引起了很多关注和批评,尤其是自2021年12月其概念达到流行高峰以来。甚至在那时,埃隆·马斯克称Web3“更多的是营销而不是现实”都没有引起那么多争议。

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大多数Web3的支持者承认Web3更像是一个旅程而不是目的地。与Web2相比,基于区块链的服务仍然只占互联网流量的一小部分,这也不一定是错误的。

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在回应OpenAI首席执行官Sam Altman的推文时,埃隆·马斯克还称其是“胡扯”。

埃隆·马斯克的前任推特首席执行官Jack Dorsey也是一位不相信这种炒作的人。

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尽管是比特币的极致主义者,但这位硅谷嬉皮士对Web3的潜力有着更微妙的看法。

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在Twitter上,他认为Web3远不是革命性的,它与传统的替代方案有着相同的企业动机。

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XYO联合创始人兼首席执行官Arie Trouw在接受BeInCrypto采访时表示,如果使用得当,“Web3”这个术语是有用的。

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与Web2不同,Web3模式允许用户在没有大型科技中介的情况下控制自己的数据并将其货币化。

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“Web3是颠覆现有系统的关键,这些系统无法为大多数互联网用户服务,”Trouw说。

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“Web2导致了大型科技实体的崛起,它们为我们的数据把关。然而,新的互联网将使我们能够从中心化转向开源模式。”

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去年,Berners-Lee在里斯本的一次活动上发表讲话,阐述了他对互联网的愿景。

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他说:“事实上,真正的Web3名称被以太坊的人用来做区块链的事情,这真的很遗憾。事实上,Web3根本就不是Web。”

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Web3和Crypto不一样

Web3这个术语的另一个缺陷是它与货币紧密相关。虽然两者表面上都是基于密码学和区块链;它们远非同义词。

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FTX和Celcius等Crypto巨头的倒闭也加剧了人们对使用这个术语的不情愿。

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Trouw继续说:“我确实认为,在某种意义上,‘Crypto’这个词已经被玷污了,因为主流认为它是快速致富计划和金融犯罪的代名词。”

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“有些人甚至把它称为不应该说的‘C’字。‘区块链’、‘自我主权’和‘零知识’等术语更好地描述了该领域正在发生的创新,尽管没有一个像‘Crypto货币’那样性感。”

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Gavin Wood本人也试图在这两个词之间制造距离,尽管原因不同。在成千上万的原生代币中进行交易的需求会不必要地使人们进入Web3变得复杂。

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“我怀疑货币将继续在服务业发挥作用。但我认为……总的来说,我们将开始看到在不需要使用通证的情况下提供服务,”他告诉CNBC。“我认为这将是一个巨大的飞跃。”

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